The Persuasive Antony of William Shakespeares Julius Caesar Essay

The Persuasive Antony of William Shakespeare's Julius Caesar    In The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, written by William Shakespeare, the characters give many persuasive speeches, some stronger than others, to convince characters in the story about what is true, false, right, and wrong.   After given instructions on a way to present his funeral speech for Caesar, Antony uses knowledge and skill to cover for his persuasion.   Antony speaks to the Roman mob after Brutus. His objective is to turn the people against Brutus and the conspirators in a persuading way so the group will no longer follow what is wrong.   Antony has skillful ways to help him convince the Romans that Caesar was a  loving man and Brutus is not so honorable.   He uses verbal irony, parallel phrases with repetition, and questioning of the truth to sway the crowds' feelings. When giving his speech, Antony uses his skill as an orator through the use of verbal irony.   Antony tells the Romans that Brutus called Caesar ambitious.   That is only what was said; he was not a man of ambition.   Antony proves this by saying that Caesar turned the crown down and even wept for the poor of Rome.   Brutus is referred to as an honorable man.   Of course this is not true, but Antony uses the statement as verbal irony to sway the peoples' minds.   Everyone knows that killing someone, no matter what the case, is not a quality of an honorable person.   Antony also knows Brutus' reason for killing Caesar was not valid and wants to prove this to the people.   When trying to prove himself true, Antony says, "I speak not to disprove what Brutus spoke..." (Act III, scene ii, 102).   Antony does a swell job covering his purpose of his speech.   He is really trying to make the mob see that Caesar ... ...r's true self.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Is Antony's speech for Caesar's funeral a persuasive one?   Antony does, in fact, persuade the Romans into believing the truth he reveals.   As an orator, Antony's words spoken through specific techniques such as verbal irony, parallel phrases with repetition, and questioning, prove his speech to be powerful and convincing.   Unlike Brutus' speech to the Romans, Antony uses true and factual information to back his thoughts.   He does a good job referring to the opposition, which is Brutus' thoughts of Caesar.   Antony definitely tests the crowd by causing them to think about the right and wrong in the situation.   He only wants the Romans to know that Caesar did love them and to realize Brutus wronged them.   By being a powerful orator, Antony wins over the crowds' perceptions to turn them against Brutus and the conspirators as his wished. The Persuasive Antony of William Shakespeare's Julius Caesar Essay The Persuasive Antony of William Shakespeare's Julius Caesar    In The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, written by William Shakespeare, the characters give many persuasive speeches, some stronger than others, to convince characters in the story about what is true, false, right, and wrong.   After given instructions on a way to present his funeral speech for Caesar, Antony uses knowledge and skill to cover for his persuasion.   Antony speaks to the Roman mob after Brutus. His objective is to turn the people against Brutus and the conspirators in a persuading way so the group will no longer follow what is wrong.   Antony has skillful ways to help him convince the Romans that Caesar was a  loving man and Brutus is not so honorable.   He uses verbal irony, parallel phrases with repetition, and questioning of the truth to sway the crowds' feelings. When giving his speech, Antony uses his skill as an orator through the use of verbal irony.   Antony tells the Romans that Brutus called Caesar ambitious.   That is only what was said; he was not a man of ambition.   Antony proves this by saying that Caesar turned the crown down and even wept for the poor of Rome.   Brutus is referred to as an honorable man.   Of course this is not true, but Antony uses the statement as verbal irony to sway the peoples' minds.   Everyone knows that killing someone, no matter what the case, is not a quality of an honorable person.   Antony also knows Brutus' reason for killing Caesar was not valid and wants to prove this to the people.   When trying to prove himself true, Antony says, "I speak not to disprove what Brutus spoke..." (Act III, scene ii, 102).   Antony does a swell job covering his purpose of his speech.   He is really trying to make the mob see that Caesar ... ...r's true self.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Is Antony's speech for Caesar's funeral a persuasive one?   Antony does, in fact, persuade the Romans into believing the truth he reveals.   As an orator, Antony's words spoken through specific techniques such as verbal irony, parallel phrases with repetition, and questioning, prove his speech to be powerful and convincing.   Unlike Brutus' speech to the Romans, Antony uses true and factual information to back his thoughts.   He does a good job referring to the opposition, which is Brutus' thoughts of Caesar.   Antony definitely tests the crowd by causing them to think about the right and wrong in the situation.   He only wants the Romans to know that Caesar did love them and to realize Brutus wronged them.   By being a powerful orator, Antony wins over the crowds' perceptions to turn them against Brutus and the conspirators as his wished.

Functional: Management and Business Essay

There are several functional areas within the business world today that managers use to make certain that their businesses run successfully. The functions approach provides four major functional areas in the business world. The four functions include planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. The functional areas in the functions approach are vitally important when concerning operating a business. The two functional areas most important for managers when creating a business would be the planning and organizational areas. Planning is by far the most important functional area in business that managers can follow. I believe this because without proper planning whether in business or anything in general if proper planning is not laid out managers may run into short-term or long-term obstacles that could cause the business to suffer and perhaps even go under. Managers must know what organizational goals they have for the business and must be able to implement planning to target those goals. Managers must plan to provide direction and reduce uncertainty (Robbins & Coulter, Management, 2010). Planning for managers involves setting short-term and long-term goals, establishing strategies, and developing plans to coordinate activities (Robbins & Coulter, Management, 2010). Planning helps managers to minimize and to eliminate problems foreseen within the business. Planning is the foundation that a business is built upon. Because of the uncertainty involved with planning, the plan must be updated as information is gathered and changes take place (Ibahim, Angelidis, & Parsa, 2004). Proper planning gives management and businesses the opportunity to determine what the desired outcome should be and how to go about achieving that desired outcome. While planning managers must not only be sensitive to their needs but also to the needs of their employees. It is very necessary to take into account not only the future but also the present as well. I believe that many times managers make the mistake by planning to far in advance and missing opportunities for growth and development in the now. This is why establishing short-term and long-term goals are important. Because long-range planning is a continual process, it should be periodically reviewed and revised (Ibahim, Angelidis, & Parsa, 2004). The types of goals taken into consideration include financial goals, which relates to a business’s financial performance, strategic goals that relates to other areas of a business’s performance, stated goals are those goals explicitly stated by an organization, and real goals that an organization wishes to accomplish and actively pursues (Robbins & Coulter, Management, 2010). Those charged with the responsibility for the plan must determine if the company’s performance and other happenings are compatible with the plan (Ibahim, Angelidis, & Parsa, 2004). Strategically planning each step in a business could have much to do with the successes and failures of the business. I believe that most business that fail do so because managers lack the necessary skills of preparation and planning. When management fails to plan strategically a business has the capabilities to run into problems with organizing, leading, and controlling. Planning can only be a useful managerial function if objectives are properly chosen (Ibahim, Angelidis, & Parsa, 2004). Types of plans that managers must take into consideration would include strategic plans. Strategic plans are broad and apply to the organization and help establish the organization’s goals. The second type of plans is operational plans. Operational plans are narrow and relate to a specific business area, long-term plans generally tend to be more than three years long, short-term plans that will be achieved within a year or less, specific plans are plans that do not permit for ambiguity and work well with low levels of uncertainty, flexible directional plans that accommodate high levels of uncertainty, single-use plans focus one specific project or to achieve a specific goals, and standing plans put in place for a fair amount of time such as policies and procedures (Robbins & Coulter, Management, 2010). Planning goes hand-in-hand with the organizing function of a business’s success. With proper planning of a business this gives room for better organization of the business. Organizing a business would involve determining what is to be done, how it will be done, and who is to do it. If a business has proper planning the functional area of organization has no other choice but to fall in place. Organizational structure issues include (1) how structure will affect communications within and outside, (2) how much centralizations is desired, and (3) how projects will be planned (Adler, MacDonald, & McDonald, 1992). If management has evaluated and implemented the proper planning and organizing techniques I do not see any reason that a business should suffer. I believe that if a management implements these two functional areas within their business that leading and controlling would be no issue. With the planning aspect managers know who will lead in the organization and managers also know what will be done and how the job will be done. Organizing also optimizes the communication and achievement of strategic objectives (Adler, MacDonald, & McDonald, 1992). All functional areas are important and I believe that every business should incorporate them to be successful. However, with strong planning and organizing with a business there is a better chance of much success and less barriers and obstacles down the line. In conclusion every area of the functions of management is important. Some areas take more time and consideration than others. Without proper planning and organization a business will suffer. Every business and manager must stay focused and keep in mind what the goals and desired outcomes are. In keeping goals in mind this will help managers plan and organize their business.

Case Analysis for Virgin Mobile Essay

VIRGIN MOBILE USA – ‘FIRST PRICE’ STRATEGY (An analysis of the Pricing Decision alternatives that Virgin has to undertake to create an alternate customer segment and monetize their buying power)VIRGIN XTRAS – OVERVIEWThe Virgin Mobile USA service involved content, features and entertainment, called â€Å"Virgin Xtras†.Collaboration with MTV networks as it was the most recognized youth brands in the country and unparalleled reach forthe under-30 market segment: Exclusive, multiyear content and marketing agreement. MTV network to deliver music, games and other MTV-, VH1-, and Nickelodeon based content to Virgin Mobile subscribers. Subscribers would have access to MTV- branded accessories and phones, graphics, ring tones, text alerts and voice mails. Promotional airtime on MTV’s channels and website. Virgin mobile subscribers to vote for their favorite videos on a few MTV shows.Other Virgin Mobile services that aimed to appeal to the youth market , generate additional usage and create loyaltywere: Text Messaging Online Real- Time Billing Rescue Ring Wake- Up Call Ring Tones Fun Clips The Hit List Music Messenger MoviesTraditional Channel Virgin’s ChannelServices sold at own proprietary retail outlets, kiosks in Services sold where youth shop especially consumermalls, high-end electronic stores, speciality stores etc. electronic goods in stores like Target, Sam Goody music stores, Best Buy. High-touch sales people who were paid high sales Products packaged in consumer electronics packaging, placedcommission to ensure hands-on service. on a bright red clamshell, which gave it visibility and no salesperson was required.Cost per handset from Nokia, Motorola, Samsung etc. – Cost per handset from Kyocera- $60-$100. Lesser subsidy$150-$300. Entailed substantial subsidy from the entailed by the company.handset makers, a component of acquisition cost.Distributors’ industry avg. Commission- $100/phone Distributors commission- $30/phone.The availability of the phones were not as segment Phones available at 3000 retail outlets in USA, and availabilityspecific as Virgin targeted included at retailers such as Sam Goody, Circuit City, Media Play, Virgin MegastoreBilling is monthly Billing is to be real-time and with online avenues PRICING DECISIONS:-CUSTOMER PERSPECTIVESThe company tried to distinguish itself from the competitors standpoint by playing on the fact that t he targeted segment‘did not trust  the prevalent pricing points’ in the industry that hinged on the credit worthiness . The main practicesprevalent were:- 90% of all subscribers had contractual agreements for a period of 1 year-2 years Required rigorous credit check Plans established â€Å"buckets† of minutes, on extra usage users penalized heavily. Charged less for off-peak than on-peak minutes, but the off-peak period had shrunk. An additional fee was charged to add to the monthly bill, which included taxes, service charges. Per minute Charge (Y-axis, in cents) for the bucket of minutes contracted (X-axis) 180 160 140 120 100 80 Per minute Charge for the bucket of minutes andcontracted (X-axis) 60 40 20 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140The bold line represents the cost per minute charged for a valid contract (which is shown by the arrows). The higher costin the vent of under-utilization of the contract is due to the high fixed cost (like the subsidization of hand sets,, contractcharges etc.)The higher limit in the vent of exceeding the contract is due to penalizing.PRICING DECISIONS – COMPAN Y PERSPECTIVESVirgin Mobile USA had to fix all these problems prevalent in the industry while taking a pricing decision. The mainconstraints it faced was that the prices should be competitive and profitable without triggering of competitive reactions.There were 3 options available:OPTION 1- ‘Clone the Industry Prices’ The message would go to customers that they were priced competitively with few advantages like differentiated applications [MTV] and superior customer service. Better off-peak hours and fewer hidden fees would be the selling point but the total pricing structure would still depend on off-peak and peak categorization as well as contacted minutes. Easy to promote as this strategy of â€Å"buckets† was already prevalent in industry. But risks alienating the target base as they already did not make the required cut for the credit worthiness. OPTION 2- ‘Price below the Competition’ Similar pricing structure as rest of industry, with actual prices slightly below those of competition only within the highest frequency range. Better off-peak hours and fewer hidden fees could also be given.OPTION 3- ‘A Whole New Plan’ Entirely different pricing structure. Eliminate contracts and going for prepaid pricing structure. However the nature of the American cellular market with operator dedicated handsets ad prohibitive pricing followed by the competitors due to high churn rates Cost of Acquisition Subsidization of Advertisement Sales handsets . Break even analysis and Life  time Value for cellular subscribers:- As already, stated in the current scenario, most mobile companies amass working capital by going for long term contracts. Compared to a US$ 100 acquisition cost for a prepaid connection, the equivalent historical cost of acquisition for a post paid consumer is US $ 370. Assuming that we stay with the post paid plan due to industry imperatives, we find that the average calling rate is around 10-30 cents per minute for a average bucket usage of 100-300 minutes (this is the target usage range that Virgin is aiming to target in the second option) Hence, average cost incurred by the company for a customer = US$ (0.1 x 300) =US$ 60 (The most promising aspect in the relevant range) Acquisition cost = handset subsidy given to hand set manufacturers (US$ 60 -100) + advertisement costs ( US$60 million budget spread over an estimated 1 million subscribers = US$60)+ sales overheads (US$100-150) = US$ 290-370 per user per month. Now, Breakeven point in terms of month is calculated as:- Total fixed cost = US$ 370 (acquisition cost for a post paid customer) = 28.46 months Revenue – Variable cost US$ 57 (avg. revenue per month from a user- ARPU) – US$30Hence it takes around 29 months for the customer to prove profitable for the company even in the most promisingscenario of the relevant range.But we will also have to induct the churn rate of around 2% per month into this optimistic consideration and try tocalculate the LTV. If the LTV is positive then the company should go ahead. The option that yields the largest LTV shouldbe chosen.LTV = ∑ (Ma).r(a-1) – Acquisition cost (1+i)a View slide Here, the margin remains relatively fixed across the periods which can be assumed as a modest 12%, r is the retentionrate which comes to around 72% (churn rate of 2% p.m. compounded monthly over a year = 1.02Ãâ€"1.02x†¦..till 12months ), i becoming interest rate assumed to be around 5%Margin in a month = (Average monthly phone bill ∞,=US$52)-(Cash cost per user =US$30) = US$22Now taking this value of n we have :- LTV = M/(1-r+i)Now calculating the LTV for every option available will give us a marker of how the pricing strategy should be used forusing various options considering the fact that the interest rate remains constant at 5%:-For option 1:-LTV = US$ {(22*12)/(1-0.72+0.05) } – 360= US$ 421For option 2:- Here the retention rate can be assumed to have been bettered by differential pricing in the 100-300minutes usage category , so we can assume a modest increase to 80%. But this is more or less offset by the increase incash cost to user which  can be assumes to rise by 5% if the differential pricing is 5% below the average industrystandard. So the margin can be assumed to drop to US$19. Here, LTV = US$ {(19*12)/(1-0.8+0.05) } – 360= US$ 489Hence we can see that even with modest assumptions, the LTV is maximized for Option 2, henca the company shouldventure into differential pricing if at all it wants to deviate. But considering the high acquisition turnover time andrecovery time of almost 29 months, it is a risky strategy because of very high mobility in the targeted segment.Hence Virgin should focus on non price factors such as :- If the contracts are done away with, this will ensure more loyalty of the target segment as the majority of them are not credit worthy. The positioning of Virgin Mobile USA and its collaborations with partners like MTV will attract more customers which are loyal. The cost of acquisition of a customer comprises of advertisement, sales cost and subsidy given. Since these costs are much lower than the other competitors, they can price themselves lower than competitors. They can also be transparent in their cost structure, eliminating hidden costs .Hence, initially it should give non-price advantage to its customers and over a period of time can reduce costs to sustaingrowth and drive off competition virgin mobile Presentation Transcript We Answer To A Higher Calling Prepared By – Team 4 Pooja Gupta (P122033) Rohit Singh (P122038) Saurabh Singh (P122041) Varun Anand (P122049 Virgin Groupâ€Å"Virgin believes in making a difference. We stand for value for money, quality, innovation, fun and a sense of competitive challenge. We strive to achieve this by empowering our employees to continually deliver an unbeatable customer experience.† Virgin Mobile USA†¢ Commenced operations in June, 2002†¢ Led by founding CEO Dan Schulman†¢ Entered USA as a 50-50 joint venture between Virgin Group and Sprint Corporation. Virgin Mobile USA’s service would be hosted on Sprint’s PCS network†¢ Sprint was in process of updating its network and increasing its capacity. View slide Virgin Mobile USA†¢ Schulamn- â€Å"The nice thing about this model is that we don’t have to worry about huge fixed costs or the physical infrastructure. We can focus on what we do best-understanding and meeting customer needs.†Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ â€Å"We Answer To A Higher Calling†Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Providing extra-ordinary services and experiences at a low price as $35 View slide Objective†¢ Create value and profitability in cell  phone service industry†¢ Target market ages 15-29, opportunity for growth with this market segment†¢ 1 million subscribers by year 1, 3 million by year 4†¢ â€Å"By focusing on the youth market from the ground up, we’re putting ourselves in a position to serve these customers in a way they have never been served before† -Dan Schulman, CEO, Virgin Mobile USA 4P’s of Virgin Mobile USAWhy? Problem with Current Telecom Services†¢ Low penetration among consumers aged 15-29. Growth rate for this segment was projected to be robust for the next 5 years†¢ Target group had been undeserved by existing carriers and specific needs that haven’t been met†¢ Average monthly cell phone bill – $52 representing 417 minutes of use. Hence, cost to serve a customer – $30†¢ Carriers tended to be wary of acquiring low- value subscribers Target Group and Behavior†¢ Consumers aged 15-29†¢ Calling pattern is different from typical business person†¢ Open to new things: – Text messaging – Downloading information using cell phones – More likely to use: ringtones, faceplates and graphics †¢ It’s a fashion accessory and a personal style statement Mobile Penetration by Age Group Revenue from Mobile Entertainment Services Pricing Trend in US before Virgin†¢ Over 90% of all subscribers had contractual agreements for a period of 1-2 years with their cellular providers†¢ Customers would sign up for ‘buckets of minutes’†¢ If a user used more than allocated minutes, they would be charged with extremely high rates (eg: 40 cents / minute)†¢ If a user used less than allocated minutes, they were still charged the fixed monthly fee, which drove up their price per minute Calling Plans – Industry PricesPrice per minute Contract Commitment – Minutes Calling Plans – Industry PricesPrice per Minute Contract Commitment – Minutes Pricing Trend in US before Virgin†¢ Carriers charged less for off-peak than on-peak minutes†¢ Off-peak time changed from 6:00 PM to 7:00, 8:00 and then finally 9:00 PM†¢ Some carriers charged a monthly fee (appox. $7) to move the peak time back to one hour†¢ Carriers added additional fees to monthly bill (tax or other additional cost information was not communicated. So a $29 plan ended up being a $35 plan) What Virgin focused on?†¢ Customers couldn’t predict their usage and ended up choosing  wrong plan pattern†¢ Customers think they use more minutes than they actually use†¢ Target segment actually used 100-300 mins/month but target predicted their usage is higher than that†¢ People tried picking up lower bucket plans to avoid high monthly fees but they ended up paying a lot more than that due to usage of minutes above the bucket†¢ On-peak and off-peak minutes weren’t in right mix 4P’s of Virgin Mobile USAWhat? What to provide them? VirginXtras†¢ Delivery of content, features and entertainment†¢ Signed a exclusive and multiyear, content & marketing agreement with MTV networks to deliver music, games and other MTV, VH1 and Nickelodeon based content to Virgin Mobile Subscribers†¢ Deal with MTV also ensured airtime on MTV’s channel and web site VirginXtras†¢ MTV-branded accessories and phones and contents (ringtones, text alerts and voice mails†¢ To vote for their favorite videos on MTV’s shows like â€Å"Total request Live†Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Text messaging – No. of text msgs tends to skyrocket during school hours. Reason: Parents don’t see who they call, private form of communication VirginXtras†¢ Online Real-Time Billing – No call detail on monthly bills. Website will record individual calls on a real-time basis†¢ Rescue ring – Mobile subscriber will get a call at prearranged time to â€Å"escape† in case a date was not going well .†¢ Wake-up Call – Chance to wake up to original messages from a variety of cheeky celebrity VirginXtras†¢ Ring Tones – Customized ringtones would be available for subscribers to download†¢ Fun clips – News, tidbits, jokes, gossip, sports and more†¢ Hit List – Vote top 10 list of hit songs. Would be able to hear the %age of other subscribers who either â€Å"loved it† or â€Å"hated it† VirginXtras†¢ Music Messenger – Tap into 10 songs list & forward it to a friend allowing them to check out a hot new track†¢ Movies – Movie descriptions, show timings, and buy tickets in advance Handset: First 2 basic models named â€Å"Party Animal† and â€Å"Super Model† came with interchangeable faceplates decorated with eye-catching colors and patterns 4P’s of Virgin Mobile USAHow? Virgin’s Goal†¢ To make sure their prices are competitive†¢ To make sure they could make profit†¢ Don’t want to trigger off competitive reactions Options†¢ Clone the Industry Prices†¢ Price Below Competition†¢ Whole New Plan Clone the Industry Prices†¢ Use same prices as other competitors†¢ Communicate  -â€Å"priced competitively with everyone else but with a few key advantages like differentiated applications (MTV) and superior customer service† – MTV Applications and features – Superior Customer service†¢ Offering better off-peak hours and fewer hidden fees†¢ Put on packaging so that even without a salesperson, consumers would get the message Price per minute Contract Commitment – Minutes Clone the Industry Prices Price Below the Competition†¢ Maintain buckets and volume discounts†¢ Set price per minute below the industry average for certain key buckets – Target young market 100-300 mins Price per minute Contract Commitment – Minutes Price Below the Competition A Whole New Plan†¢ Shorten or Eliminate Contracts – Contracts guarantee annuity stream – Contract allows 18 years or below to purchase the product – Churn rate was 2%, new plan could increase churn rate to 6%†¢ Prepaid service – 92% US subscribers had Post-paid – Pre-paid was used on occasional basis as rates per minute was high and no credit check was required – Has high churn rates. Company would never be able to recoup its customer acquisition costs – New mechanism or infrastructure was required for prepaid services A Whole New Plan†¢ Handset subsidies – Mobile carriers subsidized the cost of handset to end users to acquire customer cost†¢ Eliminate Hidden Fees and off-peak hours – ‘what you see is what you get’ – Rolling out hidden costs into pricing such that pricing feels competitive – off-peak should benefit the target group. Minute usage is very different from busines s class Price Below the Competition What they did?†¢ LTV Model – Life Time Value†¢ In marketing, customer lifetime value (CLV), lifetime customer value (LCV), or user lifetime value (LTV) is a prediction of the net profit attributed to the entire future relationship with a customer†¢ Simplified Model†¢ LTV = (M/(1-r+i)) – AC Factors influencing LTV†¢ ARPU: Avg Revenue Per User†¢ CCPU: Cash Cost per User = 45% of ARPU†¢ M: Monthly Margin = ARPU – CCPU†¢ r: Retention rate ( 1 – (12*6%)) = 0.28†¢ AC: Acquisition Cost ( = $120 for Virgin) – Sale commission – Advertising per gross add – Subsidy cost LTV Calculation†¢ LTV = (M/(1-r+i))  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ AC†¢ => M = ARPU – CCPU = (1 – 45)% = 55%M on yearly basis, assuming that a customer talks for 200mins. M = (1-0.45) * 200 * 12 * p p -> can be 5 – 30 cents/min (As competitors are charging more than 30 cents/min LTV @ Different Price Points†¢ LTV(at 5 c ents)= (1-.45) (200*12*.05) /(1-.28 + .05) – 120 = -34.28†¢ LTV(at 7 cents)= (1-.45) (200*12*.07) /(1-.28 + .05) – Break-even120 = 0 point†¢ LTV(at 10 cents)= (1-.45) (200*12*.1) /(1-.28 + .05) – 120 = 51.42†¢ LTV(at 15 cents)= (1-.45) (200*12*.15) /(1-.28 + .05) – 120 = 137.14†¢ At 7 cents, the LTV =0 which tells that minimum of 7 cents should be charged by the virgin†¢ Virgin can charge any amount more than 7 cents LTV @ Different Price Points Price Point LTV5 cents / minute -34.287 cents / minute 010 cents / minute 51.4215 cents / minute 137.14 Break-even point Current Plans in Market Company Plan ValueAT&T Starting at $40/monthVirgin Mobile USA $35T-Mobile $34.99 (Only talk + text) other plans starting at $59.99 Providing a plan with music and other added features Virgin’s Service Offering†¢ Extra features: Music, Wallpapers, Videos, Live Video Request, Rescue ring, wake-up call facility†¢ New improved billing pattern and online real-time monthly bills†¢ Prepaid plan†¢ No contracts†¢ No hidden charges†¢ No peak off peak hours†¢ Very low handset subsidies†¢ No credit checks†¢ No Monthly bills†¢ Price: 25 cents per minute for the first 10 minutes; 10 cents/minute for the rest of the day†¢ No exact numbers, but churn rate lower than 6% Conclusion†¢ Virgin correctly identified service gaps in telecom industry and what customers needed.†¢ Virgin identify inflexibility in calling plans and in other plans.†¢ Provided extra services than current mobile carriers.†¢ Provided a medium of entertainment on go.†¢ Offered customized services at a relatively low cost. References†¢ HBR case study â€Å"Virgin Mobile USA: Pricing for the Very First Time†Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Wikipedia.com

Teaching English Language Learners

Teaching English Language Learners Teaching English to English language Learners (ELL) can be a very challenging task especially when dealing with a diversified society. However, teachers are often required to be willing to learn and develop new strategies that can help such students to succeed in the classroom. In addition, it is important to implement these strategies in order to motivate students from non-English speaking countries learn the English language.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Teaching English Language Learners specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is a necessary move as students who are new to the English language can feel unsuccessful, frustrated and demoralized if there is no attempt to motivate them. According to Miller and Endo (2004), the major challenges faced by ELS students emanate from cultural and linguistic problems. This is contrary to a widely held assumption that English language teachers are the problem. However, there is need for English teachers to determine the root cause of these problems and devise appropriate strategies to assist students. As an ESL teacher, I often look forward to ensuring that my students feel comfortable in the classroom and I am also required to learn new strategies to realize this goal. The paper explores the weaknesses and strengths often realized while exploring various challenges experienced while teaching a multicultural student population and how these challenges can be overcome based on my new learning. As a Bengali, Hispanic, and Arabic teacher, it is not an easy task teaching the English language. Therefore, new strategies such as questioning the students have to be adopted. Based on the practicum plan information, Socratic questioning is a good strategy that can enhance the reading, pronunciation, and the understanding capabilities of ESL students. In his research findings, Van Gorder (2003) has noted that questioning helps students to move forward, understand meaning and new vocabulary. Thereafter students are able to read fluently. In addition, questions assist students to understand new vocabularies, solve language problems and also assist them to move forward in learning the language (Van Gorder, 2003). This is useful in promoting students’ understanding, thereby enabling them to make meaning out of different texts. In addition, Socratic questioning activates students’ prior knowledge achieved through demonstration of learning.  Learning new vocabulary and writing paragraphs also enables ELL and ESL students to improve their proficiency in the English language. However, this strategy is challenged by what Pellino (2007) refers to as ‘language load’. While an English teacher lists English words or asks students to write them down, on the other hand, an English leaner is faced with language load. Language load means the â€Å"number of unfamiliar words encountered as an English learner reads a text or list ens to teacher or peer academic talk† (Pellino, 2007).Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To counter this challenge, the teacher should break down sentences into comprehensible sections. In addition, he/she should explain the text material or write down sentences that of the same level as students’ level of understanding. Moreover, presentation of academic vocabulary can be carried out at the beginning of each lesson. Information from personal relationships can be used to develop activities and lessons that can assist students to improve their learning abilities. Engaging ESL and ELL students in oral reading is important as it improves their reading abilities in addition to enabling them master words pronunciation. This shows that merely showing students how to use vocabularies learned is not adequate. Oral reading according to Harris, Turbill, Fitzsimmons and McKe nzie (2003), improves the confidence levels of students, develops vocabulary, and pronunciation of words. Reading is important as it not only improves the reading abilities of a student but also improves their prowess in English language. However, ESL students should not be exposed to limited reading materials. Instead, they have to be exposed to different reading materials. According to Harris, Turbill, Fitzsimmons and McKenzie (2006), by exposing children to different reading materials and texts, their prior knowledge is activated, thereby improving their ability to derive meaning. Some of the reading materials and resources as suggested by Scott (2010) include magazines, books, use of tapes with stories and songs, poems, dual language textbooks, story props, tourist brochures, postcards, newspapers, and catalogues among others. To determine the reading and writing abilities of students, students should be encouraged to take English tests more often. In addition, students should b e encouraged to use their native language more often because according to Miller and Endo (2004), â€Å"students who continue to speak their native language have greater success in learning English† (p. 790).  Based on my new learning, one major challenge often encountered by ESL students is language shock as they try to adjust to a new culture in their quest to learn the English language. Assuming that students have been integrated into a community where every student speaks English fluently, language load and shock could prove to be a challenge. Therefore, I must be prepared to assist the students to adjust and avoid mockery by the other English speaking students. This particular challenge can be handled by motivating the students, evaluating the teaching approaches and strategies used so as to make the students more confident (Miller Endo, 2004). In addition, the efforts of the students should not be limited to the use of certain strategies and approaches. Moreover, stu dents can be introduced to literacy centers which comprise of small groups that allow students improve their reading abilities. Various reading strategies such as shared-reading, guided-reading, small group shared-reading and modeled reading may be used (Harris et al., 2003).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Teaching English Language Learners specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These strategies enable the teacher to model and guide children, thereby making them English independent readers. Words or English sentence structures that meets the ESL students learning abilities could be adopted to assist students improve their learning, reading, and pronunciation abilities rather than curtailing their success in the English language classroom (Miller Endo, 2004). According to Vaughn (2010), a major challenge faced by teachers teaching multicultural students is determining the students’ skills and knowledge in first la nguage as well as understanding the level of performance in the student’s second language. This can be addressed through assessments, vocabulary and language tests (New Teacher Center, 2005). In addition, authentic and metacognition maybe applied. In other words, students should not be left to memorize information but be encouraged to understand meaning and be tested to determine their learning abilities and capabilities. Moreover, building personal relationships with the parents can assist in gaining a positive experience and gain trust and improve students’ confidence. One of the main resources that can be used to further my professional development is welcoming student’s parents into the classroom (Miller Endo, 2004). This would create a closer relationship that is ideal for improving the students learning abilities. Another resource is investing in reading with a view to exploring the currently available ESL and ELL teaching approaches and strategies. In ad dition, going back to school could be an appropriate resource as it increases the skills and the knowledge on how to appropriately and effectively instruct ELLs (Vaughn, 2010).  In addition, learning the native language of my students would be important as it enhances better communication skills between me and the students (Goldenberg, 2008). By enhancing academic achievement, it becomes easier for English teachers to create an English language-rich classroom. Moreover, by recognizing the sameness and diversity of the students, teachers are better able to integrate the existing curriculum with multicultural literature to boost the students’ language learning capabilities. Proper pronunciation of students’ names and gathering background information such as the parents level of education, the language they speak back at home, the time they come to the U.S, and whether their parents speak English, would be important.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To sum it up, teachers are faced with numerous challenges when teaching a multicultural student population. Some of these challenges include language shock, determining the performance of second language, understanding the level of second language, and determining the best teaching approaches for each student. Some of the methods useful with ESLs students include Socratic questioning, demonstration on language, oral reading, writing essays, learning new English words, and shared learning. The aforementioned challenges can be reduced by understanding each students background, creating personal relationships, and metacognition and authentic assessments. Oral reading improves students’ confidence levels, develops vocabulary, and pronunciation abilities. ESL children should have special attention from the teachers to aid boost their learning reading abilities which can be achieved through the use of literacy centers. Reference List Goldenberg, C. (2008). Teaching English language learners: What the research does- and does not- say. American Educator, 8-43. Harris, P., Turbill, J., Fitzsimmons, P., McKenzie, B. (2006). Reading in the primary year (2 nd ed.). South Melbourne, Vic: Cengage Learning. Harris, P., Turbill, J., Fitzsimmons, P., McKenzie, B. (2003). Writing in the primary years. Melbourne, Australia: Social Science Press. Miller, C M., Endo, H. (2004). Understanding and meeting the needs of ESL students. PHI Delta Kappan, 786-791. New Teacher Center. (2005). Six key strategies for teachers of English-Language learners. Web. Pellino, K. (2007). Effective strategies for teaching English Language learners. Web. Scot, C. (2010). The challenges of teaching ESL students in international schools. Web. Van Gorder, B. L. (2003). When less is more: Questioning the text as a strategy for reading success. Voices from the Middle, 11(1), 35-37. Vaughn, S. (2010). Response to intervention in reading for English language learners. Texas: University of Texas and Alba Ortiz.

How To Say Let in Spanish

How To Say Let in Spanish Let is one of those English words that can be translated numerous ways in Spanish, because let itself has numerous meanings. Take the example of translating Let me write that down to Spanish. One possibility say, Quiero apuntar eso, which has a literal meaning of I want to write that down. If you wish a more precise translation and indeed are seeking permission to take notes, use Dà ©jame apuntar eso or Dà ©jeme apuntar eso, depending on whether you are speaking in the familiar or formal second person, respectively. Dejar is the most common verb meaning to allow, so what youre saying is allow me to write that down. What is important when translating from one language to another is to look for the meaning of what you want to say and translate that rather than attempting to translate words. You simply cannot translate let the same way all the time. And if what you mean by let is I want to, then just say the equivalent of that - its much simpler! Choices for Translating ‘Let’ A few of the verbs you can use to translate let or phrases that use let include liberar (to let go), alquilar (to rent out), avisar (to let someone know), soltar (to let go), fallar (to let down or disappoint), perdonar (to let somebody off, to excuse) and cesar (to let up). It all depends on the meaning of what youre trying to say. And, of course, in English we use let to form first-person plural commands, as in lets leave or lets sing. In Spanish, that meaning is expressed in a special verb form (the same as the first-person plural subjunctive), as in salgamos and cantemos, respectively. Finally, Spanish sometimes uses que followed by a verb in the subjunctive to form an indirect command that can be translated using let, depending on the context. Example: Que vaya à ©l a la oficina. (Have him go to the office, or let him go to the office.) Sample Sentences Here are sentences illustrating possible translations for let: El gobierno cubano liberà ³ al empresario. (The Cuban government let the entrepreneur go.)Dà ©jele hablar sin interrupcià ³n. (Let him speak without interruption.)Te comunicaremos si algo ha cambiado. (Well let you know if anything has changed.)Los captores soltaron a los rehenes a las cuatro de la madrugada. (The captors let the hostages free at 4 a.m.)Me fallaba muchà ­simo. (He let me down a lot.)Vive y dejar vive. (Live and let live.)A mi no me decepciona nadie porque no espero nada de nadie. Nobody lets me down because I dont expect anything from anybody.Mis padres alquilaron un piso en 2013 por 400 euros por semana. (My parents let out a floor in 2013 for 400 euros weekly.) ¡Me deja en paz! (Let me be alone!)Avà ­same si no puedes hacerlo. (Let me know if you cant do it.)Por fin aflojà ³ la ira de la tormenta. (The fury of the storm finally let up.)Hay ciertos amigos a los que no quiero dejar entrar en mi casa. (There are some friends I dont want to let into my house.)D esde entonces, se desmejorà ³ y crecià ³ su abatimiento fà ­sico y moral. (Since then, he let himself go and sank deeper physically and morally.)

Lobbing group Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Lobbing group - Essay Example Freedom House central mission is to ensure the government is accountable to their people, the right rule of law is upheld, there is freedom of speech and expression for all, association and ensure there is respect for freedom and rights of the minority. Freedom House mainly concentrates on laws regarding human rights the civil society and in regards to communication and information. It focuses on rules that facilitate free and unbiased flow of information and ideas through the media or the Internet. Freedom House targets mainly the legislators who pass and amend the laws regarding freedom of speech, free Internet and freedom of the media and the security agencies that are against freedom of communication and the Internet. Freedom House is a board of trustees who are comprised of mainly labor leaders, business leaders, former senior government officials, scholars, journalists and writers. The board members and the organization do not identify itself with either the Democratic or the Republican parties in the USA. The members who join have to have one voice and agree that promotion and making the government accountable for human rights and democracy is crucial to American citizens interests locally, internationally and towards achieving international peace. Policy agenda of Freedom House especially the freedom of expression and that of global Internet freedom has support from individuals and large corporations. Supporters especially the staff members and board members who dedicate their time and money towards Freedom House are mainly political enthusiasts who want a liberal society where the government is accountable. Achieving such interests for themselves and the community they live in will ensure a better life in general for the country and the world as a whole. Some members of the organization are businessmen who make donations to the Freedom House

Marketing Concentration within Extended Academic Programs (EAP) PowerPoint Presentation

Marketing Concentration within Extended Academic Programs (EAP) - PowerPoint Presentation Example This university offers a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration (BSBA) program through its EAP program. This BSBA has seven courses: accounting, banking and finance, General Business, marketing, information systems, international business, and management. The major marketing concentration this institution offers is the ‘General’ specialization. The other four concentrations are; Data mining and social marketing, healthcare marketing, call center/CRM and tourism/Sport. Due to the dynamic nature of today’s marketing environment, most universities and students are searching for courses and specializations that will assure them of immediate placements in the job market. Most of the concentrations in the Marketing specializations were designed to meet the dynamic and ever changing needs of the economy. Specializations like healthcare marketing; a rare and unique combination, was seen necessary to meet the needs of the dynamic healthcare environment due to the n umerous reforms that have been seen. Due to these facts, this paper provides a feasibility study that assesses UIW EAP’s ability and viability to offer healthcare marketing specialization within its BSBA Program. ... This paper provides a feasibility study assessing UIW EAP’s ability and viability to offer healthcare marketing specialization within its BSBA Program. Healthcare Marketing Healthcare marketing has provided an avenue through which advancements in health-protecting services like insurance and medicine can be widely known (Fortenberry, 2010). The current shift of provision of healthcare information from provider-dominated to patient-directed makes healthcare marketing a necessity in today’s world. According to Fortenberry (2011), success strategies in healthcare have their roots in result-based healthcare marketing (p. 87). Healthcare marketing provides an effective avenue through which healthcare entities can promote themselves through utilizing a variety of methods to entice their customers to purchase and consume their health products. In this information frenzy age, majority of people can self-diagnose themselves, a strategy which helps to reduce the strain on healthc are institutions (Vitberg, 2006). In this respect healthcare marketing is a necessity in this present age. Concerning UIW EAP’s ability and viability of offering healthcare marketing on top of its current general marketing concentration, the following aspects were realized. These facts were obtained from; interviews conducted where the students and lectures were involved, job searches, empirical research and through analysis of data within the city of San Antonio. Realization of Market Issues a. Likelihood of Finding a Job Of the specializations in marketing that is; data mining and social marketing, healthcare marketing, call center/CRM, general and tourism/Sport; healthcare marketing and tourism/sport marketing majors, offers high chances for undergraduates to find jobs in