Summary Of A Separate Peace - 1859 Words

Joseph Post Mrs. Weber English 9 Honors, Period 2 Oct 10, 2017 Chapter 7, A Separate Peace Summary In chapter 7 of the novel, A Separate Peace, written by John Knowles, Gene gets to know Brinker a little more, making him come out of his shell that he was in because of the absence of Phineas. He and Brinker like to joke around a lot, and one day, Gene feels like it was too serious. One day, they went down to the butt room, because they felt like a smoke, and while Brinker was fooling around, acting like Gene was his prisoner, Gene was nervous, because it went a little too far. They talked about how Gene killed Phineas when first, he did not kill him, and second, he does not think that he did it intentionally now anyways. He was†¦show more content†¦Since that Brinker is this way, maybe Gene thinks of him as Phineas, without having him affect his studies. I think that the author puts hints in the book that compares the war to Gene and Phineas, even though they can be subtle, this one is not. The war is between two different countries, as the internal war is between Gene and Phineas. Phineas is making a move at Gene every chance he takes, just like a war, even though I do not think that he means harm to him. Gene does not deal with this good, because he thinks to himself that Phineas is doing this on purpose, which is an internal war for him. 2) After a hard day at work, shoveling snow, for Gene, He walks along with some friends towards his dormitory. As he was waiting for someone to say it, he learned that Brinker was going to enlist the next day. He thought about how he would going from a school boy, wearing white and blue, to a man, wearing military colors as he fights in the war. This was not the highlight of his day though, as soon as he went upstairs to his dorm, opened the door, he saw someone sitting at his desk. Even though we know it is Phineas, Gene was only explaining what he was doing, when he said, †I grabbed the knob and swung open the door. He was seated in my chair at the desk, bending down to adjust the gross encumbrance of his leg, so that only the familiar ears set close against his head were visible, and hisShow MoreRelated Summary of A Separate Peace by John Knowles Essay4280 Words   |  18 PagesSummary of A Separate Peace by John Knowles As the novel opens, Gene Forrester returns to Devon, the New Hampshire boarding school he attended during World War II. Gene has not seen Devon for 15 years, and so he notices the ways in which the school has changed since he was a student there. Strangely, the school seems newer, but perhaps, he thinks, the buildings are just better taken care of now that the war is over. Gene walks through the campus on a bleak, rainy November afternoon, revisitingRead MoreEphesians : Historical Background For Passage Essay844 Words   |  4 Pagesthe identity of the newcomers in Christ both Jews and Gentiles having been brought together into one body with Jesus Christ at the head. The Apostle Paul spent two years here in Ephesus and wrote this letter to address the people he never met. Summary In this letter, Apostle Paul preaches to the people that in order to remain a true follower of Christ that must give up their former way of living and practice purity and integrity in their daily lives. Paul also cautions his followers that they areRead MoreThe Roman Road And The Romans Road1590 Words   |  7 PagesThe Roman Road Summary of Method -The intellectual method of evangelism the Romans Road uses a systematic way to explain salvation through Bible verses from the book of Romans (What Is Romans Road). The Romans Road method of evangelism is used by many evangelists and missionaries to share the good news of salvation. The Romans Road approach makes it easy to map out the road to salvation. Although there are different versions of the Romans Road the message of salvation remains the same. The RomansRead MoreMajor Themes in To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee989 Words   |  4 Pagesbefore she dies. The only thing that got her through the day was listening to Jem read. Mrs.Dubose’s meaness and heroism shows that good qualities do co-exist with bad qualities in a character. In comparison to the creation of inner enemies in a separate peace, the creation of inner enimies affected Genes attitude towards other people especially Finny.In contrast the creation of inner enemies caused Gene to lose his mind and turn into a monster while in to kill a mockingbird it caused Mrs.Dubose toRead MoreThe Work of the Magistrates Court and Magistrates Essays1370 Words   |  6 Pagescourts. This essay talks about the Magistrates Courts and the Magistrates themselves. The office of magistrate dates back to the 12th century when Richard 1 appointed keepers of the peace. They have performed judicial functions since the 13th century and the term, justice of the peace was being used as far back as 1361. Magistrates were in charge of the police up until 1839. Paid magistrates have existed since the late 18th century and they have had to be legally qualifiedRead MoreRacial Discrimination Still Exists in Society Essay1219 Words   |  5 PagesHarriet Ann Jacobs who was a slave went far enough to say that â€Å"death is better than slavery.† Slavery in the 17th and 18th centuries was so bad that 210 million Africans died in route to America and 80 million blacks died while enslaved in America. In summary, 17th and 18th centuries were just the start to a long and terrible history for African- American men and women. â€Å"It shall be unlawful for a negro and white person to play together or in company with each other in any game of cards or dice, dominoesRead MoreThe Defeat of Civilization in William Golding ´s Lord of the Flies688 Words   |  3 Pagesbecome a growing concern to the boys as Ralph notes that â€Å"things are breaking up. I dont understand why. We began well; we were happy. And then—. Then people started getting frightened [of the beast]† (88-89). The boys’ fear of the Beast begins to separate them from civilization and exhibits the original loss of the boys’ civil behavior. Soon after, the boys—as a whole—start to suppose that â€Å"maybe there is a beast [living on the island]† (95). Their consideration of the Beast’s existence demonstratesRead MoreThe Spiritual Emerson : Introduction And Chapter 1 Summary894 Words   |  4 PagesThe Spiritual Emerson: Introduction and Chapter 1 Summary Emerson s essay on self-reliance unearths a plethora of distinctive lessons that serve to guide the people of society in each of our pursuits to become fully human. Serving as the overall driving idea behind the essay, Emerson details the significance of man valuing and acting upon his own ideas and judgement. He writes, â€Å"To believe your own thought, to believe that what is true for you in your private heart is true for all men,—that isRead MoreCase : Averill V. Essay1176 Words   |  5 PagesSavings Program (GSSP), negatively impacting Averill’s benefits. Procedural History: Chief Judge (Carr) transferred case to Magistrate Judge (Pearson). Pearson denies motions for summary judgment for both parties and grants Averill s motion to compel discovery. Pearson overruled in part, denying both motions for summary and denying motion to compel discovery. Issue 1. Did the retirement benefits contract contain ambiguous language? 2. Was Averill’s motion to compel authorized? Holding 1. TheRead MorePortrait Of A Lady By Khushwant Singh Chapter Summary CBSE Class XI XII CBSE Class 11 12 Study Materials Homework Help Extra Questions1287 Words   |  6 PagesPopular Posts Portrait of a Lady by Khushwant Singh - Chapter Summary The Photograph by Shirley Toulson Chapter Summary Short Synopsis A photograph descries 3 stages. In the first stage, the photograph shows the poet s mother standing at the each enjoyi... Story in a Nutshell In this story, Khushwant Singh draws a pen picture of his grand mother. He describes how he had  spent  his childhood Portrait of a Lady by Khushwant Singh Chapter Summary with her in the village. He also describes the change that

The Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka - 864 Words

What is betrayal actually? How do we visualize it? In what particular ways do we see it? A wide range of literature has been dedicated to the phenomenon of betrayal demonstrated in different ways. In the course of this essay two works of literature will be analyzed having regard to the issue of betrayal revealed therein. The work of art to be analyzed first will be The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka. The Metamorphosis is a surreal story by Franz Kafka surrounding the tale of Gregor Samsa, who wakes up one day, reborn into a large insect. He wants to live a normal life, unfortunately, this is impossible because he cannot even get out of bed. Gregor transformation into an insect is a vivid metaphor for the alienation of humans from around the world. After losing a human form, the hero was beyond human existence. He is automatically deprived of the right to be a part of society. Turning the character into a giant, monstrous insect helps the author demonstrate the situation in which a person becomes absolutely vulnerable, helpless and pathetic. At that very moment the attitude of the family becomes absolutely clear and transparent: everyone feels ashamed and diverted from the personality of Gregor. Betrayal from his mother and his sister is nowhere near what Gregor would have ever imagined. His relationship with his father was rocky. He never expected this to become so realistic and heartbreaking. So the main question arising in the mind of the reader is: what if sometimes likeShow MoreRelatedThe Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka1052 Words   |  4 PagesFranz Kafka wrote one of his most popular books, The Metamorphosis, during the literary period and movement of existentialism. His novella stresses many existential ideals. The most predominant ideal that is seen through Gregor Samsa and his father in The Metamorphosis is that choice is the opportune of the indiv idual. One’s ultimate goal in life is to successfully find a balance between work and leisure. It is through the juxtaposition of Gregor Samsa and his father, the conceding tone of the authorRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka867 Words   |  4 Pagesincluding rapid growth spurts. Metamorphosis is a biological process by which an animal physically develop after birth or hatching. Involving a conspicuous and relatively abrupt changes in the animal’s body structure through cell growth and differentiation. The author Franz Kafka, who relatively wrote little in his short life and who published less has been enormously influential on later writers. He is considered an export of German expressionism. The metamorphosis is Kafka’s longest story and oneRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka Essay1496 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The metamorphosis,† is a story by Franz Kafka, published in 1915 is a story divided in three chapters: transformation, acceptan ce, and the death of the protagonist. There are many interpretations that can form this tale as the indifference by the society that is concerned with different individuals, and isolation pushing some cases to the solitude. Some consider The Metamorphosis as an autobiography of the author, which tries to capture the loneliness and isolation that he felt at some pointRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka1246 Words   |  5 PagesIt can be hard to understand the meaning of the novella â€Å"The Metamorphosis,† written by Franz Kafka, without thinking of the background. Due to the fact that, â€Å"using† and knowing â€Å"[the] background knowledge† of a story is important to read a â€Å"text† (Freebody and Luke). In the novella â€Å"The metamorphosis†, â€Å"Kafka’s personal history† has been â€Å"artfully [expressed]† (Classon 82). The novella was written in 1916, before the World War 1 in German {Research}. When the nov ella was written, in the EuropeRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka1380 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"I cannot make anyone understand what is happening inside me. I cannot even explain it to myself†: A Psychoanalysis reading of â€Å"The Metamorphosis† by Kafka The Metamorphosis is known to be one of Franz Kafka’s best works of literature. It demonstrates the interconnection between his personal life and the protagonist, Gregor Samsa, of â€Å"The Metamorphosis.† Franz Kafka was born in 1883 and grew up in a financially stable Jewish family in Prague. He was the only son left after the death of his youngerRead MoreThe Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka656 Words   |  3 PagesMuch of Franz Kafkas story â€Å"The Metamorphosis† spends its time talking about Gregor as he struggles to live his new life as a bug. Gregor tries to find a analytical reason as to why he has taken upon this form but later on finds on that he has to accept the truth. From being an ordinary travel salesman and provider for his family to a abomination, Gregor becomes hopeless as he cant work or provide for his family. His new life as an insect causes a hardship as he is faced with isolation from hisRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka783 Words    |  4 Pages In the story â€Å"The Metamorphosis†, written by Franz Kafka, Gregor’s family represents the causing factor that prompts Gregor to become a cockroach. Gregor’s family is a symbol of a repressive structure that inhibits Gregor’s every thought and action. When Gregor gets up in the morning to get ready for work and finds that he has been transformed into a cockroach, he ponders about how maybe he should just go in to work late and get fired, but then realizes that he cannot because â€Å"if [he] were not holdingRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka947 Words   |  4 PagesThe Metamorphosis is a novella written by German author Franz Kafka which was first published in 1915. The novella tells the story of Gregor Samsa, a traveling salesman who one day awoke to discover he had transformed into an insect like monstrosity. Throughout the story, Gregor struggles with the horrible prospect of coming to terms with his situation, as well as copin g with the effects of his transformation, such as the fact that his family is repelled by his new form, and that he is no longerRead MoreThe Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka1021 Words   |  4 PagesFranz Kafka’s, The Metamorphosis, is a novella about Gregor Samsa, a man who devotes everything to fulfilling the needs of his family. Kafka’s existentialist perspective on the meaning of life is illustrated through the use of the protagonist of Gregor Samsa. Existentialism is a philosophy â€Å"concerned with finding self and the meaning of life through free will, choice, and personal responsibility† (Existentialism). Gregor is unable to fulfill the existentialist view of finding meaning in one’s life;Read MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka1050 Words   |  5 PagesOn the surface, â€Å"The Metamorphosis† by Franz Kafka is an evocative story of a man transformed into a â€Å"monstrous vermin†. It seems to focus on the dark transformation of the story’s protagonist, Gregor, but there is an equal and opposing transformation that happens within Gregor’s family. Although Gregor has physically changed at the beginning of the story, he remains relatively unchanged as the novella progresses. The family, on the other hand, is forced to drastically change how they support themselves

Internet of Things Exploration-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Internet of Things Exploration. Answer: Introduction The new digital car parking system initiated by SAP Corporation is a new fully cloud based Internet of Things solution. The new concept will utilise the cloud platform to form an environment that will connect parking locations with the system that will sensor if the location is free for parking or not ("SAP Connected Parking Solution Brief", 2017). SAP Connected Parking is a SAP Leonardo IoT programming, intended to help to stop administration firms exploit the cloud (SAP Cloud Platform), shrewd gadgets and Big Data innovations. SAP Connected Parking offers to stop suppliers a computerised spine to merge parking spot accessibility over different areas, hold parking spots, distribute ongoing status of a parking spot and enhance utilise, permeability and effectiveness. Principle segments of SAP Connected Parking are the back-end framework and an application that keeps running on the unattended stopping stand (Gubbi et al., 2013). Coordination with average stopping administration equipment and programming, for example, entryway controller, Visa per user, tag acknowledgement cameras make SAP Connected Parking the centre of a creative upgradable arrangement stack that empowers great and helpful stopping access and income control. With a phenomenal convenience and ongoing access to data SAP Connected Parking rethinks the stopping knowledge for every single key part including month to month and transient parkers, office administrators, client benefit delegates and back office functions. Customer benefit for IoT enabled parking system The key roles and features of SAP IoT based Parking provide the customers with: Easy setup of stopping positions with no forthright investment Frictionless preventing access present day income control without money and paper (e.g. Visa, QR code, tag, NFC) for transient and month to month parker (Lee et al., 2013). Parking reservation, transaction activity management Real-time information get to and alarms Remote management capabilities from any gadget whenever Challenges of the system Open architecture supports adaptable equipment outline the clients can use SAP Connected Parking to meet the challenges they confront, including: Aging on-premises Foundation, obsolete stopping frameworks and complex equipment plans that are expensive to keep up, hard to refresh and hard to extend. Limited Business Models. Parking garage cannot be offered through the web. Associated auto ideas cannot be implemented. High add up to cost of proprietorship. Massive forthright speculations. Costly yearly support contracts Poor Data Visibility. No continuous information of stock and revenue Advantages of the system When the clients work with SAP Connected Parking, they can take their business to the following level. They can: Optimize office usage and income across multiple locations Reduce TCO of stopping operation Realize quick time to value based on Cloud/SaaS financial aspects Use standard segments and API's to coordinate with various infrastructure components Profit from continuous access to all relevant data Components of the System Sensors An electronic device that is used to detect or measure physical presence of any property. In this case, the sensors are placed in the middle of the parking spots for each car slots. There it identifies if any car is covering the parking slot surface or not and then it transmits signals to the cloud through the dedicated channel (Zanella et al., 2014). Cloud Platform It is the portion of the internet, where those signals from the sensors arrive, and moves to the back-end, where it processes the information and stores the details of the spots that are occupied or those are free. All these information are stored in the database (Wortmann Flchter, 2015). Mobile Application Now, the end-users searching free parking space is required to access the Mobile Application that can be on the mobile phone or installed on the car itself (Zanella et al., 2014). There it will retrieve information from the database of the cloud handle for the parking spaces that are free. Importance of IoT in Modern World Urban communities and provinces robotizing movement administration that adequately sets, and oversees the stream of activity in light of consistently evolving, conditions stopping applications (Da Xu, He Li, 2014). That insightfully directs autos to open spots, killing dawdled and vitality and significantly curtailing outflows, computerizing utility utilization, era and circulation on a terrific scale, all with an eye to the relief of waste that far surpasses the capacities of existing frameworks. To get smarter healthcare where smart wears will monitor human health statistics all the time and if found any vulnerability then the doctors connected to the system will contact the person to get him the best possible treatment before time to recover from any disease that may harm in future (Zanella et al., 2014). There are more advantages and dependency for the modern world towards the IoT technology, that cannot be accounted. References Da Xu, L., He, W., Li, S. (2014). Internet of things in industries: A survey.IEEE Transactions on industrial informatics,10(4), 2233-2243. Gubbi, J., Buyya, R., Marusic, S., Palaniswami, M. (2013). Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions.Future generation computer systems,29(7), 1645-1660. Lee, G. M., Crespi, N., Choi, J. K., Boussard, M. (2013). Internet of things. InEvolution of Telecommunication Services(pp. 257-282). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. SAP Connected Parking Solution Brief. (2017).SAP. Retrieved 12 August 2017, from https://www.sap.com/australia/documents/2017/02/e4f5ab11-aa7c-0010-82c7-eda71af511fa.html Wortmann, F., Flchter, K. (2015). Internet of things.Business Information Systems Engineering,57(3), 221-224. Zanella, A., Bui, N., Castellani, A., Vangelista, L., Zorzi, M. (2014). Internet of things for smart cities.IEEE Internet of Things journal,1(1), 22-32.

Women Illustrators of the Golden Age of American Illustration Essay Example For Students

Women Illustrators of the Golden Age of American Illustration Essay The period between 1880 and 1914 has been referred to as the Golden Age of American Illustration. A newly literate public, released for the first time from the constant drudgery of work, avidly consumed the unprecedented number of periodicals being published during this period Advances in print technology high speed presses and the development of the halftone plate—not only made the explosion in printed material possible, but made the magazines themselves quite inexpensive.1 An array of weeklies and monthlies provided the American public with a popular entertainment medium so broad as to be compared to television or movies today. They also served a variety of special interests. Harpers Monthly, Century, The Bookman. The Critic and Scribners were serious, literary, informutive in tone, and appealed to the intellectual, well-educated, and affluent, while McClures. Frank Leslie’s, Mun stys. Collier’s, Liberty. and Success offered lighter, more entertaining fare. Som e magazines were designed especially for a female audience (The Delineator. Woman’s Home Companion, Good Housekeeping. McCall’s, and Cosmopolitan), others were humorous (Puck. Life1), and many were aimed at children (St. Nicholas, Harpers Young People, Wide Awake, Youth’s Companion). When one considers the number of periodicals, the speed with which they were consumed, and the other avenues open to illustrators of the day-book illustration, advertisements, post ers—it becomes clear that artist illustrators had never before had such opportunities for obtaining work and for earning a livelihood. Despite the unprecedented opportunities, it is nevertheless surprising to discover just how many women were employed as illustrators during this period. We will write a custom essay on Women Illustrators of the Golden Age of American Illustration specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Their success in getting their work published and in earning adequate, often extraordinary, incomes in the highly competitive commercial art world is all the more striking when one considers that at that time working, for a woman of gentle birth, invoked society’s opprobrium. The women illustrators of the period are not only of interest historically; several of them, most especially the artists under review here Alice Barber Stephens, Jessie Willcox Smith, Elizabeth Shippen Green, Charlotte Harding Brown. Violet Oakley, and Koec O’Neill—were also exceptionally talented. Moreover, when one peruses the work of the estimated 80 women illustrators active at the time, one cannot help but be impressed by their technical competence, artistic aseurance, commercial savvy, and seriousness of purpose. It may appear unnecessary to even mention ‘pro fessionalism† here, and were we discussing male artists it would be Ã'  given. Nevertheless it needs to he stressed , because professionalism is inconsistent with the then widely held view that lady artists were dabblers and dilettantes. As John Marin commented, most of his Pennsylvania Academy classmates were young women intent upon adding sketching to fancywork in their list of accomplishments.* In America, as in Europe, many young women from middle- and upper- class backgrounds were expected to participate in creative leisure activities. Some minimal proficiency at sketching, needlework, or a musical instrument was considered essential to a lady’s character and not incidentally her chances of making a good match. Novelists such as Kate Chopin and Edith Wharton grappled with the complexities inherent in a talented woman’s relationship to art, often using her affinity for the plastic arts as symbolic of her overall potential which, all too frequently, was stunted or aborted by the pressures society and her family imposed upon her. For example, early in Chopins The Auakening (1899), Edna Pontellier. the central character, is portrayed pointing and drawing during odd leisure moments. She takes her sketch ing materials to the seaside and there sometimes dabbled in an unprofessional way. She liked the dabbling.† The fact, however, that she derives great satisfaction from her art of a kind which no other employment afforded her† bodes ill for her future happiness. As the novel unfolds and Edna begins to disengage herself from a stifling marriage, she begins to work on her painting in a more disciplined way. The growing confidence she feels in her artistic talents as a result provides the foundation upon which she probes other of lifes possibilities. In the end. defeated, she commits suicide. Another of the periods fictional heroines, Lily Bart, has her finest moment in Edith Wharton’s The House of Mirth (1905) when, at an evening of tableau vivants, she transforms herself into a work of art (Reynolds Mrs. Lloyd), thereby achieving a sort of apotheosis. From this unreal state she rapidly tumbles to decline, and at the novels end—when oil her chancce at financial security and personal fulfillment have evaporated she turns once again, but too feebly and too late, to art. Thou gh highly intelligent and artistically sophisticated, she has not the competence to even trim, let alone design, hats or open a millinery shop as she had fantasized. Unable to comprehend the joys of self-sufficiency and ill-equipped mentally and professionally to support herself, she too dies a suicide. The firmly rooted idea that art was womans acknowledged domain—though never to be taken seriously by her—was similarly reinforced in popular magazine articles. Ina 1906 piece in New Idea Womans Magazine, Jessie Trimble asked on artist colleague of unspecified sex Would you advise a girl to become an art student as quickly as you would a boy?† The response was enlightening: .u63c9ce7096a9a688178e143d691981b4 , .u63c9ce7096a9a688178e143d691981b4 .postImageUrl , .u63c9ce7096a9a688178e143d691981b4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u63c9ce7096a9a688178e143d691981b4 , .u63c9ce7096a9a688178e143d691981b4:hover , .u63c9ce7096a9a688178e143d691981b4:visited , .u63c9ce7096a9a688178e143d691981b4:active { border:0!important; } .u63c9ce7096a9a688178e143d691981b4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u63c9ce7096a9a688178e143d691981b4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u63c9ce7096a9a688178e143d691981b4:active , .u63c9ce7096a9a688178e143d691981b4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u63c9ce7096a9a688178e143d691981b4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u63c9ce7096a9a688178e143d691981b4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u63c9ce7096a9a688178e143d691981b4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u63c9ce7096a9a688178e143d691981b4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u63c9ce7096a9a688178e143d691981b4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u63c9ce7096a9a688178e143d691981b4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u63c9ce7096a9a688178e143d691981b4 .u63c9ce7096a9a688178e143d691981b4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u63c9ce7096a9a688178e143d691981b4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: American Poet Essay ConclusionMore quickly unless Ð ² boy has some very marked calling to pursue an artistic career, business or the professions arc the natural opening for him. With a girl it is different Frequently she studies art realizing fully that ahe has only mediocre talent. It may not be necessary that she earn her living, in which case it is infinitely more profitable that she be employed harmlessly, even though not brilliantly, in the study of drawing or painting. In the face of the restrictions and confinements women had to endure at the turn of the century, many nevertheless created careers for themselves, not only as illustrators, but as designers, decorators, weavers, copyists, and colorists. At a time when growing numbers of middle- and upper middle class women needed to support themselves, artwork, especially if done at home, wus considered an extension of women’s domestic role, thereby â€Å"naturul† and safe, as it did not encroach on male-female labor divisions. Recognizing the urgent need for vocational training for the growing army of â€Å"surplus women spinsters, widows and divorced women left without funds, women who hud to care for invalid husbands or for siblings and aware of how few occupational avenues were open to them, a group of socially conscious and enlightened leaders began promoting art education, some by writing persuasively on the subject, others by acting to found the needed schools. The Philadelphia School of Design for Women (PSDW)’ and the Cooper Union Free Art School for women were founded in 1844 and 1854, respectively, expressly to provide women with marketable skills. Teaching was seen as an extension of womans child nurturing role, and many of the schools reflected in their curricula this newly appropriate profession. Teaching, as one author noted in 1872, is univer sally admitted to be women’s special work.1* Illustration as a career for women rarely was men tioned in the literature until about 1890. Illustrators generally worked free-lance, to deadline, and were usually males working out in the field—the profession, after all, had gained new prominence because of the on-thc-scene reporting during the Civil War. By the 1890s, however, the increasing number of publications had expanded the market for illustration, the career became increasingly lucrative, and jobs for women were available—particularly as illustrators of litera ture for women and children. Then as now, illustration was viewed by many as a stepchild among the arts, several rungs below fine art.† Because the work was perceived as practical and commercial, genius was not needed, merely a service able talent, training, and on the-job experience. In this light, the career of illustrator seemed eminently suitable for and not beyond the reach of women. Indeed, Alice Morse’s remarks in Art and Handicraft in the Womans Building at the Columbian Exposition (1893) suggest a growing independent spirit among women at the turn of the century, pleasure in their emerging career opportunities (specifically illustra tion), and optimism about the future. A qualified woman, she wrote, â€Å"working in reproduction, is assured a profitable return for her labor,† and Illustration opens so wide and attractive a vista, occupies so high a place in the art of the country, and is withal so remunerative, that women would do well to follow it more largely than they have done heretofore. Responding to the growing interest and high profitability, many schools of illustration (some of them correspondence schools) were established. Colliers and Art Amateur carried advertisements for schools in Kalamazoo, Indianapolis, and New York City. The promise of high salaries was undoubtedly the lure for one. whose advertisement read: â€Å"Draw for Money, â€Å"Illustrators and cartoonists cam $26 100 a Week,†1* while the name Howard Chandler Christy was the big attraction as â€Å"Teacher of Illustration† in the listing for the Whipple School of Art, New York City. In addition, there were disestablished institutions: the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts (PAFA), founded in 1805; the aforementioned PSDW and Cooper Union Free Art School; Pratt Institute, founded in 1877 in Brooklyn; and the Drcxcl Institute of Arts and Sciences in Philadelphia. Howard Pyle, one of the leading illustrators of the day, who taught at Drexel, ia central to the history and developmen t of American illustration during its Golden Age. Not only was he an immensely popular, prolific, and influential artist, he was also an uncommonly gifted, innovative, and generous teacher. His hope was to raise the general level of work of his day by training promising and serious students for careers in illustration. .u78042601eba0e8cd33ec3c6df243f61f , .u78042601eba0e8cd33ec3c6df243f61f .postImageUrl , .u78042601eba0e8cd33ec3c6df243f61f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u78042601eba0e8cd33ec3c6df243f61f , .u78042601eba0e8cd33ec3c6df243f61f:hover , .u78042601eba0e8cd33ec3c6df243f61f:visited , .u78042601eba0e8cd33ec3c6df243f61f:active { border:0!important; } .u78042601eba0e8cd33ec3c6df243f61f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u78042601eba0e8cd33ec3c6df243f61f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u78042601eba0e8cd33ec3c6df243f61f:active , .u78042601eba0e8cd33ec3c6df243f61f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u78042601eba0e8cd33ec3c6df243f61f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u78042601eba0e8cd33ec3c6df243f61f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u78042601eba0e8cd33ec3c6df243f61f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u78042601eba0e8cd33ec3c6df243f61f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u78042601eba0e8cd33ec3c6df243f61f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u78042601eba0e8cd33ec3c6df243f61f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u78042601eba0e8cd33ec3c6df243f61f .u78042601eba0e8cd33ec3c6df243f61f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u78042601eba0e8cd33ec3c6df243f61f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: American musical comedy-drama EssayHis instruction was notable for its focus on the particular needs of illustrators, its rejection of standard academic practice, and its practicality. He stressed the importance of historical accuracy, advised students to consult period prints, and recommended that they begin collections of authentic costumes and start clipping files as reference aids. As Pyle was interested primarily in the drama of pictures, he had his students illustrate the climactic moments of narrative or historical situations, a practice which reinforced the notion that in art the idea came first Once his students approached professional status, Pyle often secured c ommissions for them. He did this, according to Jessie Willcox Smith, in order to give his students the stimulus of real work.†1His reputation as a teacher was such that his recommendation guaranteed that the work his students submitted would be of a high level. Indeed, he concentrated his teaching energies exclusively on the talented, disciplined, and ambitious, regardless of gender. He was teacher and sometime mentor to a whole school of American women illustrators, among them Ethel Pennewill Brown I-each, Ellen B. Thompson, Sarah S. Stillwell, Dorothea Warren. Elizabeth Shippen Green, Charlotte Harding, Violet Oakley, Katharine Pyle, Jessie Willcox Smith, Olive Rush, Anna Betts, Anne Mhoon, Bertha Corson Day, and Katharine Wireman. It therefore was rather surprising to discover that even Pyle had â€Å"no very strong faith in the permanent artistic ambitions of the feminine sex.’’ And he further stated in a full-page illustrated article: â€Å"The pursuit of art interferes with a girl’s social life and destroys her chances of getting married. Girls are, after all, at best, only qualified for sentimental work.†Ã¢â‚¬  But, in doubting the â€Å"permanent artistic ambitions of the feminine sex, Pyle did not merely echo the prejudices of the age; he expressed an opinion formed over years of experience with women artists, both as students and as professionals, and had doubtless observed the all-too-common phenomenon whereby talented women illustrators, even after securing professional recognition and financial independence, gave up their careers or dramatically curtailed their art activities after marriage. Those women who did persist, however, often found themselves illustrating almost exclusively themes of childhood, motherhood, romance, and fantasy. Although the six women discussed here were by no means cut from the same mold, they did have a goo d deal in common. They all came from middle-class families and were therefore able to take advantage of the educational opportunities then opening for women; they were also determined and disciplined workers. With the exceptions of Jessie Willcox Smith and Violet Oakley all of them married; the only two to have children, however, were Alice Barber Stephens and Charlotte Harding. All. except Rose O’Neill, who was from Nebraska and later had studios in New York and Europe, studied, worked, and lived in the Philadelphia area most of their lives.