Summary Of A Separate Peace - 1859 Words

Joseph Post Mrs. Weber English 9 Honors, Period 2 Oct 10, 2017 Chapter 7, A Separate Peace Summary In chapter 7 of the novel, A Separate Peace, written by John Knowles, Gene gets to know Brinker a little more, making him come out of his shell that he was in because of the absence of Phineas. He and Brinker like to joke around a lot, and one day, Gene feels like it was too serious. One day, they went down to the butt room, because they felt like a smoke, and while Brinker was fooling around, acting like Gene was his prisoner, Gene was nervous, because it went a little too far. They talked about how Gene killed Phineas when first, he did not kill him, and second, he does not think that he did it intentionally now anyways. He was†¦show more content†¦Since that Brinker is this way, maybe Gene thinks of him as Phineas, without having him affect his studies. I think that the author puts hints in the book that compares the war to Gene and Phineas, even though they can be subtle, this one is not. The war is between two different countries, as the internal war is between Gene and Phineas. Phineas is making a move at Gene every chance he takes, just like a war, even though I do not think that he means harm to him. Gene does not deal with this good, because he thinks to himself that Phineas is doing this on purpose, which is an internal war for him. 2) After a hard day at work, shoveling snow, for Gene, He walks along with some friends towards his dormitory. As he was waiting for someone to say it, he learned that Brinker was going to enlist the next day. He thought about how he would going from a school boy, wearing white and blue, to a man, wearing military colors as he fights in the war. This was not the highlight of his day though, as soon as he went upstairs to his dorm, opened the door, he saw someone sitting at his desk. Even though we know it is Phineas, Gene was only explaining what he was doing, when he said, †I grabbed the knob and swung open the door. He was seated in my chair at the desk, bending down to adjust the gross encumbrance of his leg, so that only the familiar ears set close against his head were visible, and hisShow MoreRelated Summary of A Separate Peace by John Knowles Essay4280 Words   |  18 PagesSummary of A Separate Peace by John Knowles As the novel opens, Gene Forrester returns to Devon, the New Hampshire boarding school he attended during World War II. Gene has not seen Devon for 15 years, and so he notices the ways in which the school has changed since he was a student there. Strangely, the school seems newer, but perhaps, he thinks, the buildings are just better taken care of now that the war is over. Gene walks through the campus on a bleak, rainy November afternoon, revisitingRead MoreEphesians : Historical Background For Passage Essay844 Words   |  4 Pagesthe identity of the newcomers in Christ both Jews and Gentiles having been brought together into one body with Jesus Christ at the head. The Apostle Paul spent two years here in Ephesus and wrote this letter to address the people he never met. Summary In this letter, Apostle Paul preaches to the people that in order to remain a true follower of Christ that must give up their former way of living and practice purity and integrity in their daily lives. Paul also cautions his followers that they areRead MoreThe Roman Road And The Romans Road1590 Words   |  7 PagesThe Roman Road Summary of Method -The intellectual method of evangelism the Romans Road uses a systematic way to explain salvation through Bible verses from the book of Romans (What Is Romans Road). The Romans Road method of evangelism is used by many evangelists and missionaries to share the good news of salvation. The Romans Road approach makes it easy to map out the road to salvation. Although there are different versions of the Romans Road the message of salvation remains the same. The RomansRead MoreMajor Themes in To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee989 Words   |  4 Pagesbefore she dies. The only thing that got her through the day was listening to Jem read. Mrs.Dubose’s meaness and heroism shows that good qualities do co-exist with bad qualities in a character. In comparison to the creation of inner enemies in a separate peace, the creation of inner enimies affected Genes attitude towards other people especially Finny.In contrast the creation of inner enemies caused Gene to lose his mind and turn into a monster while in to kill a mockingbird it caused Mrs.Dubose toRead MoreThe Work of the Magistrates Court and Magistrates Essays1370 Words   |  6 Pagescourts. This essay talks about the Magistrates Courts and the Magistrates themselves. The office of magistrate dates back to the 12th century when Richard 1 appointed keepers of the peace. They have performed judicial functions since the 13th century and the term, justice of the peace was being used as far back as 1361. Magistrates were in charge of the police up until 1839. Paid magistrates have existed since the late 18th century and they have had to be legally qualifiedRead MoreRacial Discrimination Still Exists in Society Essay1219 Words   |  5 PagesHarriet Ann Jacobs who was a slave went far enough to say that â€Å"death is better than slavery.† Slavery in the 17th and 18th centuries was so bad that 210 million Africans died in route to America and 80 million blacks died while enslaved in America. In summary, 17th and 18th centuries were just the start to a long and terrible history for African- American men and women. â€Å"It shall be unlawful for a negro and white person to play together or in company with each other in any game of cards or dice, dominoesRead MoreThe Defeat of Civilization in William Golding ´s Lord of the Flies688 Words   |  3 Pagesbecome a growing concern to the boys as Ralph notes that â€Å"things are breaking up. I dont understand why. We began well; we were happy. And then—. Then people started getting frightened [of the beast]† (88-89). The boys’ fear of the Beast begins to separate them from civilization and exhibits the original loss of the boys’ civil behavior. Soon after, the boys—as a whole—start to suppose that â€Å"maybe there is a beast [living on the island]† (95). Their consideration of the Beast’s existence demonstratesRead MoreThe Spiritual Emerson : Introduction And Chapter 1 Summary894 Words   |  4 PagesThe Spiritual Emerson: Introduction and Chapter 1 Summary Emerson s essay on self-reliance unearths a plethora of distinctive lessons that serve to guide the people of society in each of our pursuits to become fully human. Serving as the overall driving idea behind the essay, Emerson details the significance of man valuing and acting upon his own ideas and judgement. He writes, â€Å"To believe your own thought, to believe that what is true for you in your private heart is true for all men,—that isRead MoreCase : Averill V. Essay1176 Words   |  5 PagesSavings Program (GSSP), negatively impacting Averill’s benefits. Procedural History: Chief Judge (Carr) transferred case to Magistrate Judge (Pearson). Pearson denies motions for summary judgment for both parties and grants Averill s motion to compel discovery. Pearson overruled in part, denying both motions for summary and denying motion to compel discovery. Issue 1. Did the retirement benefits contract contain ambiguous language? 2. Was Averill’s motion to compel authorized? Holding 1. TheRead MorePortrait Of A Lady By Khushwant Singh Chapter Summary CBSE Class XI XII CBSE Class 11 12 Study Materials Homework Help Extra Questions1287 Words   |  6 PagesPopular Posts Portrait of a Lady by Khushwant Singh - Chapter Summary The Photograph by Shirley Toulson Chapter Summary Short Synopsis A photograph descries 3 stages. In the first stage, the photograph shows the poet s mother standing at the each enjoyi... Story in a Nutshell In this story, Khushwant Singh draws a pen picture of his grand mother. He describes how he had  spent  his childhood Portrait of a Lady by Khushwant Singh Chapter Summary with her in the village. He also describes the change that

The Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka - 864 Words

What is betrayal actually? How do we visualize it? In what particular ways do we see it? A wide range of literature has been dedicated to the phenomenon of betrayal demonstrated in different ways. In the course of this essay two works of literature will be analyzed having regard to the issue of betrayal revealed therein. The work of art to be analyzed first will be The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka. The Metamorphosis is a surreal story by Franz Kafka surrounding the tale of Gregor Samsa, who wakes up one day, reborn into a large insect. He wants to live a normal life, unfortunately, this is impossible because he cannot even get out of bed. Gregor transformation into an insect is a vivid metaphor for the alienation of humans from around the world. After losing a human form, the hero was beyond human existence. He is automatically deprived of the right to be a part of society. Turning the character into a giant, monstrous insect helps the author demonstrate the situation in which a person becomes absolutely vulnerable, helpless and pathetic. At that very moment the attitude of the family becomes absolutely clear and transparent: everyone feels ashamed and diverted from the personality of Gregor. Betrayal from his mother and his sister is nowhere near what Gregor would have ever imagined. His relationship with his father was rocky. He never expected this to become so realistic and heartbreaking. So the main question arising in the mind of the reader is: what if sometimes likeShow MoreRelatedThe Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka1052 Words   |  4 PagesFranz Kafka wrote one of his most popular books, The Metamorphosis, during the literary period and movement of existentialism. His novella stresses many existential ideals. The most predominant ideal that is seen through Gregor Samsa and his father in The Metamorphosis is that choice is the opportune of the indiv idual. One’s ultimate goal in life is to successfully find a balance between work and leisure. It is through the juxtaposition of Gregor Samsa and his father, the conceding tone of the authorRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka867 Words   |  4 Pagesincluding rapid growth spurts. Metamorphosis is a biological process by which an animal physically develop after birth or hatching. Involving a conspicuous and relatively abrupt changes in the animal’s body structure through cell growth and differentiation. The author Franz Kafka, who relatively wrote little in his short life and who published less has been enormously influential on later writers. He is considered an export of German expressionism. The metamorphosis is Kafka’s longest story and oneRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka Essay1496 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The metamorphosis,† is a story by Franz Kafka, published in 1915 is a story divided in three chapters: transformation, acceptan ce, and the death of the protagonist. There are many interpretations that can form this tale as the indifference by the society that is concerned with different individuals, and isolation pushing some cases to the solitude. Some consider The Metamorphosis as an autobiography of the author, which tries to capture the loneliness and isolation that he felt at some pointRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka1246 Words   |  5 PagesIt can be hard to understand the meaning of the novella â€Å"The Metamorphosis,† written by Franz Kafka, without thinking of the background. Due to the fact that, â€Å"using† and knowing â€Å"[the] background knowledge† of a story is important to read a â€Å"text† (Freebody and Luke). In the novella â€Å"The metamorphosis†, â€Å"Kafka’s personal history† has been â€Å"artfully [expressed]† (Classon 82). The novella was written in 1916, before the World War 1 in German {Research}. When the nov ella was written, in the EuropeRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka1380 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"I cannot make anyone understand what is happening inside me. I cannot even explain it to myself†: A Psychoanalysis reading of â€Å"The Metamorphosis† by Kafka The Metamorphosis is known to be one of Franz Kafka’s best works of literature. It demonstrates the interconnection between his personal life and the protagonist, Gregor Samsa, of â€Å"The Metamorphosis.† Franz Kafka was born in 1883 and grew up in a financially stable Jewish family in Prague. He was the only son left after the death of his youngerRead MoreThe Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka656 Words   |  3 PagesMuch of Franz Kafkas story â€Å"The Metamorphosis† spends its time talking about Gregor as he struggles to live his new life as a bug. Gregor tries to find a analytical reason as to why he has taken upon this form but later on finds on that he has to accept the truth. From being an ordinary travel salesman and provider for his family to a abomination, Gregor becomes hopeless as he cant work or provide for his family. His new life as an insect causes a hardship as he is faced with isolation from hisRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka783 Words    |  4 Pages In the story â€Å"The Metamorphosis†, written by Franz Kafka, Gregor’s family represents the causing factor that prompts Gregor to become a cockroach. Gregor’s family is a symbol of a repressive structure that inhibits Gregor’s every thought and action. When Gregor gets up in the morning to get ready for work and finds that he has been transformed into a cockroach, he ponders about how maybe he should just go in to work late and get fired, but then realizes that he cannot because â€Å"if [he] were not holdingRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka947 Words   |  4 PagesThe Metamorphosis is a novella written by German author Franz Kafka which was first published in 1915. The novella tells the story of Gregor Samsa, a traveling salesman who one day awoke to discover he had transformed into an insect like monstrosity. Throughout the story, Gregor struggles with the horrible prospect of coming to terms with his situation, as well as copin g with the effects of his transformation, such as the fact that his family is repelled by his new form, and that he is no longerRead MoreThe Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka1021 Words   |  4 PagesFranz Kafka’s, The Metamorphosis, is a novella about Gregor Samsa, a man who devotes everything to fulfilling the needs of his family. Kafka’s existentialist perspective on the meaning of life is illustrated through the use of the protagonist of Gregor Samsa. Existentialism is a philosophy â€Å"concerned with finding self and the meaning of life through free will, choice, and personal responsibility† (Existentialism). Gregor is unable to fulfill the existentialist view of finding meaning in one’s life;Read MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka1050 Words   |  5 PagesOn the surface, â€Å"The Metamorphosis† by Franz Kafka is an evocative story of a man transformed into a â€Å"monstrous vermin†. It seems to focus on the dark transformation of the story’s protagonist, Gregor, but there is an equal and opposing transformation that happens within Gregor’s family. Although Gregor has physically changed at the beginning of the story, he remains relatively unchanged as the novella progresses. The family, on the other hand, is forced to drastically change how they support themselves

Internet of Things Exploration-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Internet of Things Exploration. Answer: Introduction The new digital car parking system initiated by SAP Corporation is a new fully cloud based Internet of Things solution. The new concept will utilise the cloud platform to form an environment that will connect parking locations with the system that will sensor if the location is free for parking or not ("SAP Connected Parking Solution Brief", 2017). SAP Connected Parking is a SAP Leonardo IoT programming, intended to help to stop administration firms exploit the cloud (SAP Cloud Platform), shrewd gadgets and Big Data innovations. SAP Connected Parking offers to stop suppliers a computerised spine to merge parking spot accessibility over different areas, hold parking spots, distribute ongoing status of a parking spot and enhance utilise, permeability and effectiveness. Principle segments of SAP Connected Parking are the back-end framework and an application that keeps running on the unattended stopping stand (Gubbi et al., 2013). Coordination with average stopping administration equipment and programming, for example, entryway controller, Visa per user, tag acknowledgement cameras make SAP Connected Parking the centre of a creative upgradable arrangement stack that empowers great and helpful stopping access and income control. With a phenomenal convenience and ongoing access to data SAP Connected Parking rethinks the stopping knowledge for every single key part including month to month and transient parkers, office administrators, client benefit delegates and back office functions. Customer benefit for IoT enabled parking system The key roles and features of SAP IoT based Parking provide the customers with: Easy setup of stopping positions with no forthright investment Frictionless preventing access present day income control without money and paper (e.g. Visa, QR code, tag, NFC) for transient and month to month parker (Lee et al., 2013). Parking reservation, transaction activity management Real-time information get to and alarms Remote management capabilities from any gadget whenever Challenges of the system Open architecture supports adaptable equipment outline the clients can use SAP Connected Parking to meet the challenges they confront, including: Aging on-premises Foundation, obsolete stopping frameworks and complex equipment plans that are expensive to keep up, hard to refresh and hard to extend. Limited Business Models. Parking garage cannot be offered through the web. Associated auto ideas cannot be implemented. High add up to cost of proprietorship. Massive forthright speculations. Costly yearly support contracts Poor Data Visibility. No continuous information of stock and revenue Advantages of the system When the clients work with SAP Connected Parking, they can take their business to the following level. They can: Optimize office usage and income across multiple locations Reduce TCO of stopping operation Realize quick time to value based on Cloud/SaaS financial aspects Use standard segments and API's to coordinate with various infrastructure components Profit from continuous access to all relevant data Components of the System Sensors An electronic device that is used to detect or measure physical presence of any property. In this case, the sensors are placed in the middle of the parking spots for each car slots. There it identifies if any car is covering the parking slot surface or not and then it transmits signals to the cloud through the dedicated channel (Zanella et al., 2014). Cloud Platform It is the portion of the internet, where those signals from the sensors arrive, and moves to the back-end, where it processes the information and stores the details of the spots that are occupied or those are free. All these information are stored in the database (Wortmann Flchter, 2015). Mobile Application Now, the end-users searching free parking space is required to access the Mobile Application that can be on the mobile phone or installed on the car itself (Zanella et al., 2014). There it will retrieve information from the database of the cloud handle for the parking spaces that are free. Importance of IoT in Modern World Urban communities and provinces robotizing movement administration that adequately sets, and oversees the stream of activity in light of consistently evolving, conditions stopping applications (Da Xu, He Li, 2014). That insightfully directs autos to open spots, killing dawdled and vitality and significantly curtailing outflows, computerizing utility utilization, era and circulation on a terrific scale, all with an eye to the relief of waste that far surpasses the capacities of existing frameworks. To get smarter healthcare where smart wears will monitor human health statistics all the time and if found any vulnerability then the doctors connected to the system will contact the person to get him the best possible treatment before time to recover from any disease that may harm in future (Zanella et al., 2014). There are more advantages and dependency for the modern world towards the IoT technology, that cannot be accounted. References Da Xu, L., He, W., Li, S. (2014). Internet of things in industries: A survey.IEEE Transactions on industrial informatics,10(4), 2233-2243. Gubbi, J., Buyya, R., Marusic, S., Palaniswami, M. (2013). Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions.Future generation computer systems,29(7), 1645-1660. Lee, G. M., Crespi, N., Choi, J. K., Boussard, M. (2013). Internet of things. InEvolution of Telecommunication Services(pp. 257-282). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. SAP Connected Parking Solution Brief. (2017).SAP. Retrieved 12 August 2017, from https://www.sap.com/australia/documents/2017/02/e4f5ab11-aa7c-0010-82c7-eda71af511fa.html Wortmann, F., Flchter, K. (2015). Internet of things.Business Information Systems Engineering,57(3), 221-224. Zanella, A., Bui, N., Castellani, A., Vangelista, L., Zorzi, M. (2014). Internet of things for smart cities.IEEE Internet of Things journal,1(1), 22-32.

Women Illustrators of the Golden Age of American Illustration Essay Example For Students

Women Illustrators of the Golden Age of American Illustration Essay The period between 1880 and 1914 has been referred to as the Golden Age of American Illustration. A newly literate public, released for the first time from the constant drudgery of work, avidly consumed the unprecedented number of periodicals being published during this period Advances in print technology high speed presses and the development of the halftone plate—not only made the explosion in printed material possible, but made the magazines themselves quite inexpensive.1 An array of weeklies and monthlies provided the American public with a popular entertainment medium so broad as to be compared to television or movies today. They also served a variety of special interests. Harpers Monthly, Century, The Bookman. The Critic and Scribners were serious, literary, informutive in tone, and appealed to the intellectual, well-educated, and affluent, while McClures. Frank Leslie’s, Mun stys. Collier’s, Liberty. and Success offered lighter, more entertaining fare. Som e magazines were designed especially for a female audience (The Delineator. Woman’s Home Companion, Good Housekeeping. McCall’s, and Cosmopolitan), others were humorous (Puck. Life1), and many were aimed at children (St. Nicholas, Harpers Young People, Wide Awake, Youth’s Companion). When one considers the number of periodicals, the speed with which they were consumed, and the other avenues open to illustrators of the day-book illustration, advertisements, post ers—it becomes clear that artist illustrators had never before had such opportunities for obtaining work and for earning a livelihood. Despite the unprecedented opportunities, it is nevertheless surprising to discover just how many women were employed as illustrators during this period. We will write a custom essay on Women Illustrators of the Golden Age of American Illustration specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Their success in getting their work published and in earning adequate, often extraordinary, incomes in the highly competitive commercial art world is all the more striking when one considers that at that time working, for a woman of gentle birth, invoked society’s opprobrium. The women illustrators of the period are not only of interest historically; several of them, most especially the artists under review here Alice Barber Stephens, Jessie Willcox Smith, Elizabeth Shippen Green, Charlotte Harding Brown. Violet Oakley, and Koec O’Neill—were also exceptionally talented. Moreover, when one peruses the work of the estimated 80 women illustrators active at the time, one cannot help but be impressed by their technical competence, artistic aseurance, commercial savvy, and seriousness of purpose. It may appear unnecessary to even mention ‘pro fessionalism† here, and were we discussing male artists it would be Ã'  given. Nevertheless it needs to he stressed , because professionalism is inconsistent with the then widely held view that lady artists were dabblers and dilettantes. As John Marin commented, most of his Pennsylvania Academy classmates were young women intent upon adding sketching to fancywork in their list of accomplishments.* In America, as in Europe, many young women from middle- and upper- class backgrounds were expected to participate in creative leisure activities. Some minimal proficiency at sketching, needlework, or a musical instrument was considered essential to a lady’s character and not incidentally her chances of making a good match. Novelists such as Kate Chopin and Edith Wharton grappled with the complexities inherent in a talented woman’s relationship to art, often using her affinity for the plastic arts as symbolic of her overall potential which, all too frequently, was stunted or aborted by the pressures society and her family imposed upon her. For example, early in Chopins The Auakening (1899), Edna Pontellier. the central character, is portrayed pointing and drawing during odd leisure moments. She takes her sketch ing materials to the seaside and there sometimes dabbled in an unprofessional way. She liked the dabbling.† The fact, however, that she derives great satisfaction from her art of a kind which no other employment afforded her† bodes ill for her future happiness. As the novel unfolds and Edna begins to disengage herself from a stifling marriage, she begins to work on her painting in a more disciplined way. The growing confidence she feels in her artistic talents as a result provides the foundation upon which she probes other of lifes possibilities. In the end. defeated, she commits suicide. Another of the periods fictional heroines, Lily Bart, has her finest moment in Edith Wharton’s The House of Mirth (1905) when, at an evening of tableau vivants, she transforms herself into a work of art (Reynolds Mrs. Lloyd), thereby achieving a sort of apotheosis. From this unreal state she rapidly tumbles to decline, and at the novels end—when oil her chancce at financial security and personal fulfillment have evaporated she turns once again, but too feebly and too late, to art. Thou gh highly intelligent and artistically sophisticated, she has not the competence to even trim, let alone design, hats or open a millinery shop as she had fantasized. Unable to comprehend the joys of self-sufficiency and ill-equipped mentally and professionally to support herself, she too dies a suicide. The firmly rooted idea that art was womans acknowledged domain—though never to be taken seriously by her—was similarly reinforced in popular magazine articles. Ina 1906 piece in New Idea Womans Magazine, Jessie Trimble asked on artist colleague of unspecified sex Would you advise a girl to become an art student as quickly as you would a boy?† The response was enlightening: .u63c9ce7096a9a688178e143d691981b4 , .u63c9ce7096a9a688178e143d691981b4 .postImageUrl , .u63c9ce7096a9a688178e143d691981b4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u63c9ce7096a9a688178e143d691981b4 , .u63c9ce7096a9a688178e143d691981b4:hover , .u63c9ce7096a9a688178e143d691981b4:visited , .u63c9ce7096a9a688178e143d691981b4:active { border:0!important; } .u63c9ce7096a9a688178e143d691981b4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u63c9ce7096a9a688178e143d691981b4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u63c9ce7096a9a688178e143d691981b4:active , .u63c9ce7096a9a688178e143d691981b4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u63c9ce7096a9a688178e143d691981b4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u63c9ce7096a9a688178e143d691981b4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u63c9ce7096a9a688178e143d691981b4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u63c9ce7096a9a688178e143d691981b4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u63c9ce7096a9a688178e143d691981b4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u63c9ce7096a9a688178e143d691981b4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u63c9ce7096a9a688178e143d691981b4 .u63c9ce7096a9a688178e143d691981b4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u63c9ce7096a9a688178e143d691981b4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: American Poet Essay ConclusionMore quickly unless Ð ² boy has some very marked calling to pursue an artistic career, business or the professions arc the natural opening for him. With a girl it is different Frequently she studies art realizing fully that ahe has only mediocre talent. It may not be necessary that she earn her living, in which case it is infinitely more profitable that she be employed harmlessly, even though not brilliantly, in the study of drawing or painting. In the face of the restrictions and confinements women had to endure at the turn of the century, many nevertheless created careers for themselves, not only as illustrators, but as designers, decorators, weavers, copyists, and colorists. At a time when growing numbers of middle- and upper middle class women needed to support themselves, artwork, especially if done at home, wus considered an extension of women’s domestic role, thereby â€Å"naturul† and safe, as it did not encroach on male-female labor divisions. Recognizing the urgent need for vocational training for the growing army of â€Å"surplus women spinsters, widows and divorced women left without funds, women who hud to care for invalid husbands or for siblings and aware of how few occupational avenues were open to them, a group of socially conscious and enlightened leaders began promoting art education, some by writing persuasively on the subject, others by acting to found the needed schools. The Philadelphia School of Design for Women (PSDW)’ and the Cooper Union Free Art School for women were founded in 1844 and 1854, respectively, expressly to provide women with marketable skills. Teaching was seen as an extension of womans child nurturing role, and many of the schools reflected in their curricula this newly appropriate profession. Teaching, as one author noted in 1872, is univer sally admitted to be women’s special work.1* Illustration as a career for women rarely was men tioned in the literature until about 1890. Illustrators generally worked free-lance, to deadline, and were usually males working out in the field—the profession, after all, had gained new prominence because of the on-thc-scene reporting during the Civil War. By the 1890s, however, the increasing number of publications had expanded the market for illustration, the career became increasingly lucrative, and jobs for women were available—particularly as illustrators of litera ture for women and children. Then as now, illustration was viewed by many as a stepchild among the arts, several rungs below fine art.† Because the work was perceived as practical and commercial, genius was not needed, merely a service able talent, training, and on the-job experience. In this light, the career of illustrator seemed eminently suitable for and not beyond the reach of women. Indeed, Alice Morse’s remarks in Art and Handicraft in the Womans Building at the Columbian Exposition (1893) suggest a growing independent spirit among women at the turn of the century, pleasure in their emerging career opportunities (specifically illustra tion), and optimism about the future. A qualified woman, she wrote, â€Å"working in reproduction, is assured a profitable return for her labor,† and Illustration opens so wide and attractive a vista, occupies so high a place in the art of the country, and is withal so remunerative, that women would do well to follow it more largely than they have done heretofore. Responding to the growing interest and high profitability, many schools of illustration (some of them correspondence schools) were established. Colliers and Art Amateur carried advertisements for schools in Kalamazoo, Indianapolis, and New York City. The promise of high salaries was undoubtedly the lure for one. whose advertisement read: â€Å"Draw for Money, â€Å"Illustrators and cartoonists cam $26 100 a Week,†1* while the name Howard Chandler Christy was the big attraction as â€Å"Teacher of Illustration† in the listing for the Whipple School of Art, New York City. In addition, there were disestablished institutions: the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts (PAFA), founded in 1805; the aforementioned PSDW and Cooper Union Free Art School; Pratt Institute, founded in 1877 in Brooklyn; and the Drcxcl Institute of Arts and Sciences in Philadelphia. Howard Pyle, one of the leading illustrators of the day, who taught at Drexel, ia central to the history and developmen t of American illustration during its Golden Age. Not only was he an immensely popular, prolific, and influential artist, he was also an uncommonly gifted, innovative, and generous teacher. His hope was to raise the general level of work of his day by training promising and serious students for careers in illustration. .u78042601eba0e8cd33ec3c6df243f61f , .u78042601eba0e8cd33ec3c6df243f61f .postImageUrl , .u78042601eba0e8cd33ec3c6df243f61f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u78042601eba0e8cd33ec3c6df243f61f , .u78042601eba0e8cd33ec3c6df243f61f:hover , .u78042601eba0e8cd33ec3c6df243f61f:visited , .u78042601eba0e8cd33ec3c6df243f61f:active { border:0!important; } .u78042601eba0e8cd33ec3c6df243f61f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u78042601eba0e8cd33ec3c6df243f61f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u78042601eba0e8cd33ec3c6df243f61f:active , .u78042601eba0e8cd33ec3c6df243f61f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u78042601eba0e8cd33ec3c6df243f61f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u78042601eba0e8cd33ec3c6df243f61f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u78042601eba0e8cd33ec3c6df243f61f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u78042601eba0e8cd33ec3c6df243f61f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u78042601eba0e8cd33ec3c6df243f61f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u78042601eba0e8cd33ec3c6df243f61f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u78042601eba0e8cd33ec3c6df243f61f .u78042601eba0e8cd33ec3c6df243f61f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u78042601eba0e8cd33ec3c6df243f61f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: American musical comedy-drama EssayHis instruction was notable for its focus on the particular needs of illustrators, its rejection of standard academic practice, and its practicality. He stressed the importance of historical accuracy, advised students to consult period prints, and recommended that they begin collections of authentic costumes and start clipping files as reference aids. As Pyle was interested primarily in the drama of pictures, he had his students illustrate the climactic moments of narrative or historical situations, a practice which reinforced the notion that in art the idea came first Once his students approached professional status, Pyle often secured c ommissions for them. He did this, according to Jessie Willcox Smith, in order to give his students the stimulus of real work.†1His reputation as a teacher was such that his recommendation guaranteed that the work his students submitted would be of a high level. Indeed, he concentrated his teaching energies exclusively on the talented, disciplined, and ambitious, regardless of gender. He was teacher and sometime mentor to a whole school of American women illustrators, among them Ethel Pennewill Brown I-each, Ellen B. Thompson, Sarah S. Stillwell, Dorothea Warren. Elizabeth Shippen Green, Charlotte Harding, Violet Oakley, Katharine Pyle, Jessie Willcox Smith, Olive Rush, Anna Betts, Anne Mhoon, Bertha Corson Day, and Katharine Wireman. It therefore was rather surprising to discover that even Pyle had â€Å"no very strong faith in the permanent artistic ambitions of the feminine sex.’’ And he further stated in a full-page illustrated article: â€Å"The pursuit of art interferes with a girl’s social life and destroys her chances of getting married. Girls are, after all, at best, only qualified for sentimental work.†Ã¢â‚¬  But, in doubting the â€Å"permanent artistic ambitions of the feminine sex, Pyle did not merely echo the prejudices of the age; he expressed an opinion formed over years of experience with women artists, both as students and as professionals, and had doubtless observed the all-too-common phenomenon whereby talented women illustrators, even after securing professional recognition and financial independence, gave up their careers or dramatically curtailed their art activities after marriage. Those women who did persist, however, often found themselves illustrating almost exclusively themes of childhood, motherhood, romance, and fantasy. Although the six women discussed here were by no means cut from the same mold, they did have a goo d deal in common. They all came from middle-class families and were therefore able to take advantage of the educational opportunities then opening for women; they were also determined and disciplined workers. With the exceptions of Jessie Willcox Smith and Violet Oakley all of them married; the only two to have children, however, were Alice Barber Stephens and Charlotte Harding. All. except Rose O’Neill, who was from Nebraska and later had studios in New York and Europe, studied, worked, and lived in the Philadelphia area most of their lives.

Movimientos Vanguardistas Espaloes Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers

Movimientos Vanguardistas Espaloes Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers Movimientos Vanguardistas Espaloes Movimiento vanguardista espaol e hispanoamericano Con este nombre se designan los movimientos artsticos y literarios que nacen en el siglo XX, aproximadamente desde 1910 a 1939. Su poca de mximo esplendor es hasta 1920, a partir de 1930 decaen pues el arte se acerca de nuevo a la realidad y se hace social y comprometido polticamente. En la Gaceta Literaria, junio de 1930, Guillermo de Torre da una larga lista con los movimientos de vanguardia: Cubismo Caractersticas generales: Futurismo 1. La existencia de muchos movimientos Expresionismo con una vida efmera, pues la continua Dadasmo experimentacin es la base del arte; sta Ultrasmo trae consigo la fugacidad de las corrientes Ultramodernismo artsticas: algunas apenas influyen pue Creacionismo son modas pasajeras, otras dejan profundas Neorromanticismo huellas. Superrealismo 2. Son europeos, la mayora nacen en Francia, Existencialismo desde all se lanzan los manifiestos, incluso los que tienen otra procedencia. 3. Afectan a las artes en general, y rompen las barreras de las artes y de las letras: msicos, escultores, pintores, escritores, hombres de cine, etc. Se dan cita en la renovacin expresiva, y buscan una nueva unidad, algo similar a lo que ya exista en las artes plsticas con lo gtico y . que el Renacimiento haba fragmentado 4. Desean ser originales, abrir nuevos caminos, crear para el futuro; son la y se oponen con virulencia a las estticas pasadas (Realismo, Naturalismo, Romanticismo, etc.) 5. Su pblico es minoritario, se renen en cafs, se aglutinan en torno a revistas y desde ellas lanzan sus manifiestos; estn alejados del gran pblico, con el paso del tiempo, algunos de sus logros formales y temticos se han acercado a la mayora. I. Cubismo A. poca 1908-1914 Se inicia en Pars como un movimiento propio de la pintura y luego pasa a la literatura. Surge por la necesidad de establecer la correspondencia lrica al hallazgo plstico representado por el cubismo pictrico. B. Caractersticas 1. Esquematismo, quiebra de la realidad. La descompone y forma una nueva realidad imaginada. 2. Literatura sin tema central ni ancdota. 3. Ilogismo voluntario que da libre curso al pensamiento. 4. Deformacin de la realidad por medio de metforas e imgenes desintegrantes. C. Autores importantes Apollinaire, Cendrars, Reverdy, Cocteau y Max Jacob. D. Obras representativas E. Aportacin literaria F. Trozo literario Ahora caminas por Pars muy solo entre la multitud Rebaos de autobuses mugiendo junto a ti ruedan la angustia del temor te aprieta el gaznate como si nunca ms debieras ser ya amado Si vivieras en el tiempo antiguo entraras en un monasterio Tenis vergenza cuando os sorprendis diciendo una oracin Te burlas de ti y como el fuego del infierno tu risa chispea las chispas de tu risa doran el fondo de tu vida Es un cuadro colgado en un sombro museo y a veces vas a mirarla de cerca.. Apollinaire: Zona; traduccin de Jos Mara Valverde II. Futurismo A. poca 1909-1914 Se inicia en Italia con el poeta Filippo T. Marinetti. B. Caractersticas 1. Desprecio al pasado, a lo tradicional, a las academias, a los museos. Amor al presente y al futuro. 2. Amor a la libertad, a la energa, a la vida moderna, la velocidad, la fuerza fsica, las mquinas. 3. Modificacin de la gramtica y supresin de la puntuacin. 4. Desprecio al sentimentalismo. C. Autores importantes 1. Humberto Boccioni 2. Carlo Carr 3. Luigi Rusolo 4. Giacomo Balla 5. Gino Severini 6. Filippo T. Marinetti D. Obras representativas 1. Manifiesto del futurismo (1909) De Filippo T. Marinetti E. Aportacin literaria Es un movimiento subversivo. Proclama su hasto y el cansancio de quienes no soportan el peso de la civilizacin occidental; busca la libertad, huyendo de todos los contenidos ideolgicos y de las representaciones generadas por stos (impresionismo, expresionismo, cubismo); se dirige al mundo de la mecnica y descubre que la vida moderna, en sus aspectos ms dinmicos (principalmente en los avances tecnolgicos), debe constituir un objetivo de atencin primordial. F. Trozo literario Sabed que el esplendor del mundo se ha enriquecido con una belleza nueva: la belleza de la velocidad... Un automvil rugiente, que parece correr sobre la metralla, es ms bello que la Victoria de Samotracia... Cantaremos las grandes multitudes agitadas por el trabajo, la vibracin nocturna de los arsenales bajo sus violentas lunas elctricas. Filippo T. Marinetti: Manifiesto del futurismo (1909) III. Expresionismo A. poca 1910-1925 Surge en Alemania. Abarca aproximadamente quince aos. Sin embargo, los lmites cronolgicos son imprecisos: puede hablarse de un expresionismo temprano desde 1905, y es evidente que influye hasta 1930 en pases como Alemania. B. Caractersticas 1. Reaccin subjetivista contra el impresionismo de los modernistas. 2. Aspira a un

What Happens To The Human Body In A Vacuum

What Happens To The Human Body In A Vacuum As humans get closer to the time when astronauts and explorers will be living and working in space  for long periods of time, a lot of questions arise about what it will be like for those who make their careers out there. There is a great deal of data based on long-duration flights by such astronauts as Mark Kelly and Peggy Whitman, but the life sciences experts at most space agencies need a lot more data to understand what will happen to future travelers.  They already know that the long-term inhabitants aboard the  International Space Station  have experienced some major and puzzling changes to their bodies, some of which last long after they are back on Earth. Mission planners  are using their experiences to help plan missions to the Moon, Mars, and beyond. Crew members on the International Space Station work with such technology as 3-D printers to understand how these and other technology can be used in space. This is a printer inside the Microgravity Science Glovebox aboard the station. NASA However, despite this priceless data from actual experiences, people also get a lot of non-valuable data from Hollywood movies about what its like to live in space. In those cases, drama usually trumps scientific accuracy. In particular, the movies are big on gore, especially when it comes to depicting the experience of being exposed to vacuum. Unfortunately, those movies and TV shows (and video games) give the wrong impression about what its like to be in space.   Vacuum in the Movies In the 1981 movie Outland, starring Sean Connery, there is a scene where a construction worker in space gets a hole in his suit. As the air leaks out, the internal pressure drops and his body is exposed to a vacuum, we watch in horror through his faceplate as he swells up and explodes. Could that really happen, or was that dramatic license? A somewhat similar scene occurs in the 1990 Arnold Schwarzenegger movie, Total Recall. In that movie, Schwarzenegger leaves the pressure of the habitat of a Mars colony and begins to blow up like a balloon in the much lower pressure of the Mars atmosphere, not quite a vacuum. He is saved by the creation of an entirely new atmosphere by an ancient alien machine. Again, could that happen, or was dramatic license at play? Those scenes bring up an entirely understandable question: What happens to the human body in a vacuum? The answer is simple: it wont blow up. The blood wont boil, either. However, it will be a quick way to die if an astronauts spacesuit is damaged.   What Really Happens in a Vacuum There are a number of things about being in space, in a vacuum, that can cause harm to the human body. The unfortunate space traveler wouldnt be able to hold their breath for long (if at all), because it would cause lung damage. The person would probably remain conscious for several seconds until the blood without oxygen reaches the brain. Then, all bets are off.   The vacuum of space is also pretty darn cold, but the human body doesnt lose heat that fast, so a hapless astronaut would have a little time before freezing to death. Its possible that they would have some problems with their eardrums, including a rupture, but maybe not.   Being marooned in space exposes the astronaut to high radiation and the chances for a really bad sunburn. Their body might actually swell some, but not to the proportions so dramatically shown in Arnold Schwarzeneggers movie, Total Recall. The bends are also possible, just like what happens to a diver who surfaces too quickly from a deep underwater dive. That condition is also known as decompression sickness and happens when dissolved gases in the bloodstream create bubbles as the person decompresses. The condition can be fatal and is taken seriously by divers, high-altitude pilots, and astronauts.   Astronauts train extensively underwater on Earth, wearing pressure suits, to simulate working in space. NASA/Johnson Space Center.   While normal blood pressure will keep a persons blood from boiling, the saliva in their mouth could very well begin to do so. Theres actually evidence for that happening from an astronaut who experienced it. In 1965, while performing tests at the  Johnson Space Center, a subject was accidentally exposed to a near vacuum (less than one psi) when his space suit leaked while in a vacuum chamber. He did not pass out for about fourteen seconds, by which time unoxygenated blood had reached his brain. Technicians began to repressurize the chamber within fifteen seconds and he regained consciousness at around the equivalent of 15,000 feet of altitude. He later said that his last conscious memory was of the water on his tongue beginning to boil. So, theres at least one data point about what its like to be in a vacuum. It wont be pleasant, but it wont be like the movies, either. There have actually been cases of parts of astronauts bodies being exposed to vacuum when suits were damaged. They survived due to quick action and safety protocols. The good news from all those experiences is that the human body is amazingly resilient. The worst problem would be lack of oxygen, not lack of pressure in the vacuum. If returned to a normal atmosphere fairly quickly, a person would survive with few if any irreversible injuries after an accidental exposure to vacuum. More recently, astronauts on the International Space Station found an air leak from a hole made by a technician on the ground in Russia. They were in no danger of losing their air right away, but they had to go to some effort to get it plugged safely and permanently. Edited and updated by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

INSURANCE MARKETS & OPERATIONS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

INSURANCE MARKETS & OPERATIONS - Essay Example The various impacts of the risks that affect the insurance industry are analyzed along with their impact upon the demand and supply of insurance. Nonetheless the impact of the demand and supply upon the insurance and upon the industry as a whole is examined along with their impacts upon alternation of the industry structure. Factors that affect various insurance operations are determined with the intensity of their impact regarding the change in supply and change in the insurance industry thus resulting in the change in the structure. The future of the insurance amounting to various factors that accounts for the change in the industry and how they shall be impacting the industry in the future is analyzed. The scope of the industry in the future regarding changes in the demand and supply along with the structural changes that shall be evolved so as to benefit from the external factors is determined (Rejda, n.d.). The response of the industry regarding the factors is analyzed in curren t and future terms and the future of the insurance industry is determined regarding change and the external factors. ... Amal, et al., 2012). The external factors of the insurance industry are discussed in detail below. Risks The insurance industry is to account and tackle risks that are faced by various entities. The change in the intensity of the risk determines the demand and supply of insurance. The structural risks that have evolved in the recent years when the company mergers enhanced and various companies started consolidating the risk increased. There are various risks factors affecting the insurance industry and they are categorized differentially along with the nature and impact (Coomber, 2006). The change in the risks that are to be faced the insurance industry changed in accordance so as to manage those risks. Economic Risks The economic risks increased when the global crises in various economies increased and thus impacted the insurance industry. Major systematic financial failures resulting in the closure of many corporates such as Enron and Lehman Brothers Bank has gathered the intention towards reconsideration of risk (Jeffrey & Amy, 2004). The economic changes around the world have caused the insurance industry to realize the intensity of the risks that in increasing and thus account for the changing and increasing risk of economy to incorporate in its operations and structures. The financial imbalances around the globe and the change in the incomes have caused the insurance industry to reanalyze the demand of the insurance. Environmental Risks The definition of the risks totally changed when the environmental changes in the globe began much of a concern. The development and the impact of the risks that is faced by the environment caused the insurance industry as how the

Self reflection Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Self reflection Report - Essay Example I owned a personal training company and was in charge of management of the business, gaining valuable real life experience. I expect to grow and be able to use the results of this report to improve my performance in the remainder of my degree course. The results of the personality analysis showed that I am primarily an Implementer and secondarily a Shaper. This means I am organized, rely on common sense and demonstrate self-discipline. I like to approach problems systematically and map out a solution with a series of steps. When working in a group, I tend to focus on the best interests of the group rather than my own. I am useful in groups because I can keep on track and persist until the task is completed, regardless of difficulty. Some flaws or weaknesses in my personality include a possible lack of flexibility and a resistance to unproven ideas. This is where my secondary personality trait becomes useful. As a shaper, I am outgoing and dynamic. I am highly motivated and have ample energy a desire for achievement. I often push others to work hard and find ways to overcome obstacles. I can handle confrontation and sometimes find it useful. However, my personality as an Shaper will help me deal with high pressure, stressful situations, and deadlines [Appendix A]. In my learning style analysis, I discovered that my learning style is evenly spread across the four learning styles and I have at least a moderate preference for all the learning styles. I had a slightly stronger preference for the reflector learning style. This means that I prefer to observe, consider all angles, and think. I like structured experiences, case studies, and reports because they contain thorough information and evidence. However, my ability to learn using all four styles makes me adaptable to any learning situation. This can be very useful and keep my education balanced as I continue through my degree program [Appendix B]. My Shaper characteristics complement my

English Coursework - Titanic Essay Example for Free

English Coursework Titanic Essay Many people across the world watch films. It is so popular because it puts a story on the screen and into life so that people can see it. People watch films for the entertainment value, or are simply too lazy to read and enjoy the magic of a book. The advantages of watching a film at the cinema rather than on video is the bigger screen, and the surround sound, also the atmosphere. This all adds up and creates a bigger impact than a video. People make films to tell a story or get a message across, such as Pearl Harbour, which tells us the story of a real historical event through the eyes of a fictional love story, very much like Titanic. Or Shrek, which puts a message across through the tale. Some films are just made purely for entertainment value, or to make money, such as the Harry Potter films, that were built up from a very popular book franchise. In film they use different camera shots for different reasons, such as:- Close Up with this shot, you can see the emotion on the face of the character; they use it to show the emotion more clearly. Long Shot The use this type of camera angle to show a large shot of the set or in the case of Titanic the boat. Point of view shot These are used to show you what the character can see, a good example of this in Titanic is when Rose is stood on the end of the boat looking out to sea, Medium Shot These show the characters body and face, and are used a lot. Zoom in/out These can be used to show a long shot of the set and then zoom in to show the emotion on the characters face instead of switching from Long shot to Close-up. Panning This can be used to show a large area, or a when a character is walking. An example of this on Titanic is when they go from the back of the boat to the front. They also use Sound Effect to make what is happening sound more real, such as an explosion or band. They also use backing tracks, which can be used to emphasise the emotion a character is feeling. For example, if it was sad, they might use a love song. They use costume to show you what time something was set it, or the class of the people, particularly shown in Titanic, as Jack is very poor and Rose is rich. The characters who wear the costumes are also very important. They have to look the part and sound the part, not just be able to read the lines. They have to act the way a person of that time would. For my GCSE coursework, I will be writing a Media essay on Titanic, which was directed by James Caremon. It was made in 1997, and was the most expensive film made at the time. It won many awards, and is one of the great love stories told, based on a real historical event. The Titanic was quoted as being Titanic, wasnt just another ship, it was bigger, faster, and more luxurious than any other ship before her. She had two sister ships, The Olympic and The Britannic, all of which were owned by White Star Line, a series of very luxurious ships. It was built in Harland and Wolff Shipyard, and was 882 ft 6 inches, by 92 ft 6 inches. It had 2212 people onboard, 20 lifeboats, which only had room for 1178 people. This was because they thought that the ship was un-sinkable, and didnt think they needed more. It only had 705 survivors after it sank. The Titanic was under the control or Captain E.J Smith, a much respected Captain. Some people would not travel if the boat was not under his control. It set sail on April 10th 1912 from Cherbourg France, to Queensland Ireland, and then continued out to sea. Titanic sank at 2.20am, on April 15th. The Titanic sank because it hit an ice berg, which pierced its hull and flooded it, making it sink. Captain Smith had ignored the iceberg warnings. This was The Titanics maiden voyage. Disaster is defined as sudden or great misfortune, this means something that happens, which usually kills a lot of people, this could also be linked to tragedy, which is defined as sad event; dramatic, literature word dealing with serious, sad topic, which I think means when something bad happens, which brings sorrow, not necessarily to just one person. I think that the amount of people does alter the seriousness of a disaster because it makes it harder to cope with. A Man-Made disaster is something that man has inflicted upon itself, such as when the Twin Towers got destroyed, many people died. I think that a man-made disaster is sometimes worse that a natural one, because you cant stop a natural disaster, but to inflict one, is just wrong. I think that James Camerons depiction of Titanic is very accurate to the real event. Although he told us the story through the eyes of a romantic tale, all the facts are very accurate. The times, the date, the crew, even the people who were on board, such as John Jacob Astor who was the richest person on the ship, is in the film. All of the crew bare a striking resemblance to the real people and are names the same, particularly in the case of Captain Smith. The Real Captain E.J Smith Captain E.J Smith in the film The numbers of people that died and the ways that they died are very accurate, many people froze in the water, and other chose to go down with the ship. Also the musicians, who are in the film, go down playing, which was noted by the survivors. I think that we are told the real historical every through a love story because it gets us more involved, we can relate to the characters and it opens out emotions more when the tragedy happens. I think that the opening of a film is important because it draws the person in. In Shrek it is funny, which makes the person want to watch more, and also shows you that it is a comedy film. The titles tend to show you what type of film a film is. It also shows you what time period it is set in, and what genre it is. They usually have the theme song for the film on in the background. In the case of Titanic there is the slow adaption of the theme song playing, and the real shot filmed of the real Titanic. I think this shows you that it will be a sad film, but the pace of the music. It then switches into the film and does a panning shot of the film, to show you how big and magnificent it is. Also the reaction of the people towards it, which shows you that it is even magnificent for them, even though it is set in their time period. Setting is important, because it shows is where and when the film is set. A good example of this in Titanic, is the way the different groups of people are treated at the beginning. The rich are aloud to stroll onto the boat, with their luggage being taken care of, bringing dog and other pets. Whereas the poor have to go through lice inspections just to get on, but the rich can bring animals. This shows you how people were treated and in what time period it is set, and is typical of Edwardian England. Rose is first introduced to us twice, ages 101 and when she was younger going onboard Titanic. When she is older, I think she seems like a very normal nice old woman, mid-class and has a caring family. Whereas the younger Rose seems like a bit of a snob by the way she reacts to the Titanic when she first sees it. She is obviously very rich, and leads an upper-class life. We can tell that she is a nice person, even though she wears a snob mask at the beginning of the film, later on we find out the true her. She is shown as someone who is not afraid to ask questions, unlike many women of that time. She asks about the lifeboats and their capacities. When we first meet Jack, he is gambling in a bar. We can tell that he is poor and doesnt have much to his name. We can tell that he is very cunning by the way he plays cards and wins. He is shown as a very nice person who cares deeply for Rose. He doesnt seem to care about the class rules, which shows he is a true romantic because he is willing to defy those rules for love. He cares very much about Rose and her safety, even over his own. This is shown at the end, when he lets her sit on the floating table, while he stays in the water, knowing that he will freeze to death. Cal is Roses fiancà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ and is introduced getting out of his very expensive car and getting his man servant to do favours for him. This shows us that he is very rich and has some power. He is shown as quite a snob, and only wants Rose as a trophy on his arm. He is selfish and hits her if she does wrong. He doesnt agree with Roses friendship with Jack, which later turns into love. Molly Brown is shown as quite a loud mouth and is not liked very much by some of the rich people because she was not brought up with money, she is what they called new money her husband struck rich recently, and they did not like this. She is shown as a very nice woman because she helps out Jack when he is going to the dinner with them. Roses Mother is shown as a snob; all she seems to care about is the way that her family is seen and how much money they have. She wants Rose to marry Cal just so she can have money again. She doesnt seem to care much about Rose or her feelings, but in the end we find out how distraught she is about Rose not getting in the lifeboat when she has the chance and shows her true feelings. Mr. Andrews in the man responsible for making the Titanic, he is so sure that it will not sick, and doesnt put enough life boats onboard. He is shown as a very kind man, who cares very much for Rose. He helps her to safety when the ship is sinking, but does not get on a lifeboat himself. I think this is because distraught about his ship sinking and by the fact that there werent enough life boats, which he decided, and now people would die because of the decision. Mr. Ismay, was the designer of Titanic, he just wanted the fame by having her in the news, he pushed the engines too hard by making them go faster and faster when they didnt need to. If the Titanic wasnt going so fast she might have been able to turn in time and not crash. Ismay is shown as a coward in the film, he is expected to go down with the ship, but instead he jumps on a lifeboat when no one is looking. The Captain is shown as a very important and respected man. Although it was Ismay who suggested going faster, is was the Captain that made it so. I think that he is depicted as quite a noble man because he goes down with the ship. Rose and Jack first properly meet at the back of the ship when Rose is about to commit suicide. He shows his caring by telling her that hell jump in after her even if it means his own death. This becomes one of the themes of the film You Jump, I Jump! Jack first sees Rose as she is looking over the railing of the upper-class deck, it is love at first site and he knows that he has to be with her. I think that this is significant, because although he doesnt know her he still wants to be with her, even thought he knows there is a vast class difference. I think the setting is significant in the places where the rich and poor are kept. The rich have expensive, luxurious rooms and a fancy dinning area, whereas the poor are kept in bunkers and have a large hall where the dance and socialise. The places where the poor are kept do not look expensive and are very dirty, and infested with rats. As the ship is sinking, it uses many shots, Long shot and close up. It uses long shots to show the ship from afar, there is not music and it is all dark. This shows the isolation of the ship and that it is very unlikely someone will arrive in time to save them. The close up shows the ships breaking apart and falling, it has very dramatic music in the background, and lots of screaming. The characters are all running around franticly and all the glamour of the ship seems to of faded. The atmosphere is created by the screams of the people, watching the ship fall apart. The emotion is created, by watching what is happening to these people, freezing to death, crying for help, desperately trying to get on a life boat. So desperate that they cut one down whilst drowning. My favourite parts of the film are where the ship sinks, and when Jack and Rose are stood on the edge of the ship. There is soft romantic music in the back ground, the main theme song, and there are close ups of their faces, showing the love on them, panning shot around them, stood on the edge, and point of view shots, where you see what Rose does on the edge of the ship. I think this sequence is important in the film because it shows that Rose doesnt care about class boundaries either, she returns to him, and still loves him, even thought he is of a low class. Also it is the last time Titanic sees daylight. I think that A Night to Remember, another depiction of the historical event, made is 1958, and directed by Roy Baker, is similar to that of Titanic. The most fundamental difference centres on exactly what question each film is answering. A Night to Remember answers the question How did the tragedy happen? whereas Titanic answers What was it like to live through it? A Night to Remember shows us The Californian, the ship that failed to answer to Titanics distress call, whereas we arent shown that in Titanic. The shots are not that different, they use the same type, but the point of view is very different, Titanic uses a 1st person narrative, whereas A Night to Remember uses the 3rd person narrative. The treatment of the passenger is similar, but I think that the people in the life boats were treated differently on Titanic than A Night to Remember. I think that the way they are treated in Titanic is more like they would be. I think that James Cameron decided to have Rose die at the end of the film because it lets her return to Jack, and that his love for her is still strong, she has finally let go of what happened. She does this by dropping the Heart of the Ocean in the ocean. I think that it shows Rose with all her pictures with her because it shows how far she has come in life, the impact that Jack had on her. It shows her riding on a Horse like a man would do at that time and various other things she wouldnt have done if she continued as she was before meeting Jack, like fly a plane. If she hadnt met Jack, she wouldnt have done any of these things. I think that the theme tune is significant, because it is titled My Heart Will Go On, I think this is saying that Roses love for Jack will continue even though he is dead, which is shown when she returns to him at the end. He is still waiting for her, and he still loves her. Even though their physical love has ended, their mental love will go o forever. I think that the film Titanic was made to retell the tragic events that happened, to make our generation live it all over again, get involved in it, be sad about it. By telling us the story, we can tell what it would have been like for someone who went through that, and we can emphasise with them more, and if a film can make someone do that, I think that it make them a better person for it. I think that the events that happened on April 14th 1912 are some of the most horrific and saddest I have ever heard of, and I think that this is a great film and it will truly be loved for generations to come.

The Persuasive Antony of William Shakespeares Julius Caesar Essay

The Persuasive Antony of William Shakespeare's Julius Caesar    In The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, written by William Shakespeare, the characters give many persuasive speeches, some stronger than others, to convince characters in the story about what is true, false, right, and wrong.   After given instructions on a way to present his funeral speech for Caesar, Antony uses knowledge and skill to cover for his persuasion.   Antony speaks to the Roman mob after Brutus. His objective is to turn the people against Brutus and the conspirators in a persuading way so the group will no longer follow what is wrong.   Antony has skillful ways to help him convince the Romans that Caesar was a  loving man and Brutus is not so honorable.   He uses verbal irony, parallel phrases with repetition, and questioning of the truth to sway the crowds' feelings. When giving his speech, Antony uses his skill as an orator through the use of verbal irony.   Antony tells the Romans that Brutus called Caesar ambitious.   That is only what was said; he was not a man of ambition.   Antony proves this by saying that Caesar turned the crown down and even wept for the poor of Rome.   Brutus is referred to as an honorable man.   Of course this is not true, but Antony uses the statement as verbal irony to sway the peoples' minds.   Everyone knows that killing someone, no matter what the case, is not a quality of an honorable person.   Antony also knows Brutus' reason for killing Caesar was not valid and wants to prove this to the people.   When trying to prove himself true, Antony says, "I speak not to disprove what Brutus spoke..." (Act III, scene ii, 102).   Antony does a swell job covering his purpose of his speech.   He is really trying to make the mob see that Caesar ... ...r's true self.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Is Antony's speech for Caesar's funeral a persuasive one?   Antony does, in fact, persuade the Romans into believing the truth he reveals.   As an orator, Antony's words spoken through specific techniques such as verbal irony, parallel phrases with repetition, and questioning, prove his speech to be powerful and convincing.   Unlike Brutus' speech to the Romans, Antony uses true and factual information to back his thoughts.   He does a good job referring to the opposition, which is Brutus' thoughts of Caesar.   Antony definitely tests the crowd by causing them to think about the right and wrong in the situation.   He only wants the Romans to know that Caesar did love them and to realize Brutus wronged them.   By being a powerful orator, Antony wins over the crowds' perceptions to turn them against Brutus and the conspirators as his wished. The Persuasive Antony of William Shakespeare's Julius Caesar Essay The Persuasive Antony of William Shakespeare's Julius Caesar    In The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, written by William Shakespeare, the characters give many persuasive speeches, some stronger than others, to convince characters in the story about what is true, false, right, and wrong.   After given instructions on a way to present his funeral speech for Caesar, Antony uses knowledge and skill to cover for his persuasion.   Antony speaks to the Roman mob after Brutus. His objective is to turn the people against Brutus and the conspirators in a persuading way so the group will no longer follow what is wrong.   Antony has skillful ways to help him convince the Romans that Caesar was a  loving man and Brutus is not so honorable.   He uses verbal irony, parallel phrases with repetition, and questioning of the truth to sway the crowds' feelings. When giving his speech, Antony uses his skill as an orator through the use of verbal irony.   Antony tells the Romans that Brutus called Caesar ambitious.   That is only what was said; he was not a man of ambition.   Antony proves this by saying that Caesar turned the crown down and even wept for the poor of Rome.   Brutus is referred to as an honorable man.   Of course this is not true, but Antony uses the statement as verbal irony to sway the peoples' minds.   Everyone knows that killing someone, no matter what the case, is not a quality of an honorable person.   Antony also knows Brutus' reason for killing Caesar was not valid and wants to prove this to the people.   When trying to prove himself true, Antony says, "I speak not to disprove what Brutus spoke..." (Act III, scene ii, 102).   Antony does a swell job covering his purpose of his speech.   He is really trying to make the mob see that Caesar ... ...r's true self.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Is Antony's speech for Caesar's funeral a persuasive one?   Antony does, in fact, persuade the Romans into believing the truth he reveals.   As an orator, Antony's words spoken through specific techniques such as verbal irony, parallel phrases with repetition, and questioning, prove his speech to be powerful and convincing.   Unlike Brutus' speech to the Romans, Antony uses true and factual information to back his thoughts.   He does a good job referring to the opposition, which is Brutus' thoughts of Caesar.   Antony definitely tests the crowd by causing them to think about the right and wrong in the situation.   He only wants the Romans to know that Caesar did love them and to realize Brutus wronged them.   By being a powerful orator, Antony wins over the crowds' perceptions to turn them against Brutus and the conspirators as his wished.

Functional: Management and Business Essay

There are several functional areas within the business world today that managers use to make certain that their businesses run successfully. The functions approach provides four major functional areas in the business world. The four functions include planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. The functional areas in the functions approach are vitally important when concerning operating a business. The two functional areas most important for managers when creating a business would be the planning and organizational areas. Planning is by far the most important functional area in business that managers can follow. I believe this because without proper planning whether in business or anything in general if proper planning is not laid out managers may run into short-term or long-term obstacles that could cause the business to suffer and perhaps even go under. Managers must know what organizational goals they have for the business and must be able to implement planning to target those goals. Managers must plan to provide direction and reduce uncertainty (Robbins & Coulter, Management, 2010). Planning for managers involves setting short-term and long-term goals, establishing strategies, and developing plans to coordinate activities (Robbins & Coulter, Management, 2010). Planning helps managers to minimize and to eliminate problems foreseen within the business. Planning is the foundation that a business is built upon. Because of the uncertainty involved with planning, the plan must be updated as information is gathered and changes take place (Ibahim, Angelidis, & Parsa, 2004). Proper planning gives management and businesses the opportunity to determine what the desired outcome should be and how to go about achieving that desired outcome. While planning managers must not only be sensitive to their needs but also to the needs of their employees. It is very necessary to take into account not only the future but also the present as well. I believe that many times managers make the mistake by planning to far in advance and missing opportunities for growth and development in the now. This is why establishing short-term and long-term goals are important. Because long-range planning is a continual process, it should be periodically reviewed and revised (Ibahim, Angelidis, & Parsa, 2004). The types of goals taken into consideration include financial goals, which relates to a business’s financial performance, strategic goals that relates to other areas of a business’s performance, stated goals are those goals explicitly stated by an organization, and real goals that an organization wishes to accomplish and actively pursues (Robbins & Coulter, Management, 2010). Those charged with the responsibility for the plan must determine if the company’s performance and other happenings are compatible with the plan (Ibahim, Angelidis, & Parsa, 2004). Strategically planning each step in a business could have much to do with the successes and failures of the business. I believe that most business that fail do so because managers lack the necessary skills of preparation and planning. When management fails to plan strategically a business has the capabilities to run into problems with organizing, leading, and controlling. Planning can only be a useful managerial function if objectives are properly chosen (Ibahim, Angelidis, & Parsa, 2004). Types of plans that managers must take into consideration would include strategic plans. Strategic plans are broad and apply to the organization and help establish the organization’s goals. The second type of plans is operational plans. Operational plans are narrow and relate to a specific business area, long-term plans generally tend to be more than three years long, short-term plans that will be achieved within a year or less, specific plans are plans that do not permit for ambiguity and work well with low levels of uncertainty, flexible directional plans that accommodate high levels of uncertainty, single-use plans focus one specific project or to achieve a specific goals, and standing plans put in place for a fair amount of time such as policies and procedures (Robbins & Coulter, Management, 2010). Planning goes hand-in-hand with the organizing function of a business’s success. With proper planning of a business this gives room for better organization of the business. Organizing a business would involve determining what is to be done, how it will be done, and who is to do it. If a business has proper planning the functional area of organization has no other choice but to fall in place. Organizational structure issues include (1) how structure will affect communications within and outside, (2) how much centralizations is desired, and (3) how projects will be planned (Adler, MacDonald, & McDonald, 1992). If management has evaluated and implemented the proper planning and organizing techniques I do not see any reason that a business should suffer. I believe that if a management implements these two functional areas within their business that leading and controlling would be no issue. With the planning aspect managers know who will lead in the organization and managers also know what will be done and how the job will be done. Organizing also optimizes the communication and achievement of strategic objectives (Adler, MacDonald, & McDonald, 1992). All functional areas are important and I believe that every business should incorporate them to be successful. However, with strong planning and organizing with a business there is a better chance of much success and less barriers and obstacles down the line. In conclusion every area of the functions of management is important. Some areas take more time and consideration than others. Without proper planning and organization a business will suffer. Every business and manager must stay focused and keep in mind what the goals and desired outcomes are. In keeping goals in mind this will help managers plan and organize their business.

Case Analysis for Virgin Mobile Essay

VIRGIN MOBILE USA – ‘FIRST PRICE’ STRATEGY (An analysis of the Pricing Decision alternatives that Virgin has to undertake to create an alternate customer segment and monetize their buying power)VIRGIN XTRAS – OVERVIEWThe Virgin Mobile USA service involved content, features and entertainment, called â€Å"Virgin Xtras†.Collaboration with MTV networks as it was the most recognized youth brands in the country and unparalleled reach forthe under-30 market segment: Exclusive, multiyear content and marketing agreement. MTV network to deliver music, games and other MTV-, VH1-, and Nickelodeon based content to Virgin Mobile subscribers. Subscribers would have access to MTV- branded accessories and phones, graphics, ring tones, text alerts and voice mails. Promotional airtime on MTV’s channels and website. Virgin mobile subscribers to vote for their favorite videos on a few MTV shows.Other Virgin Mobile services that aimed to appeal to the youth market , generate additional usage and create loyaltywere: Text Messaging Online Real- Time Billing Rescue Ring Wake- Up Call Ring Tones Fun Clips The Hit List Music Messenger MoviesTraditional Channel Virgin’s ChannelServices sold at own proprietary retail outlets, kiosks in Services sold where youth shop especially consumermalls, high-end electronic stores, speciality stores etc. electronic goods in stores like Target, Sam Goody music stores, Best Buy. High-touch sales people who were paid high sales Products packaged in consumer electronics packaging, placedcommission to ensure hands-on service. on a bright red clamshell, which gave it visibility and no salesperson was required.Cost per handset from Nokia, Motorola, Samsung etc. – Cost per handset from Kyocera- $60-$100. Lesser subsidy$150-$300. Entailed substantial subsidy from the entailed by the company.handset makers, a component of acquisition cost.Distributors’ industry avg. Commission- $100/phone Distributors commission- $30/phone.The availability of the phones were not as segment Phones available at 3000 retail outlets in USA, and availabilityspecific as Virgin targeted included at retailers such as Sam Goody, Circuit City, Media Play, Virgin MegastoreBilling is monthly Billing is to be real-time and with online avenues PRICING DECISIONS:-CUSTOMER PERSPECTIVESThe company tried to distinguish itself from the competitors standpoint by playing on the fact that t he targeted segment‘did not trust  the prevalent pricing points’ in the industry that hinged on the credit worthiness . The main practicesprevalent were:- 90% of all subscribers had contractual agreements for a period of 1 year-2 years Required rigorous credit check Plans established â€Å"buckets† of minutes, on extra usage users penalized heavily. Charged less for off-peak than on-peak minutes, but the off-peak period had shrunk. An additional fee was charged to add to the monthly bill, which included taxes, service charges. Per minute Charge (Y-axis, in cents) for the bucket of minutes contracted (X-axis) 180 160 140 120 100 80 Per minute Charge for the bucket of minutes andcontracted (X-axis) 60 40 20 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140The bold line represents the cost per minute charged for a valid contract (which is shown by the arrows). The higher costin the vent of under-utilization of the contract is due to the high fixed cost (like the subsidization of hand sets,, contractcharges etc.)The higher limit in the vent of exceeding the contract is due to penalizing.PRICING DECISIONS – COMPAN Y PERSPECTIVESVirgin Mobile USA had to fix all these problems prevalent in the industry while taking a pricing decision. The mainconstraints it faced was that the prices should be competitive and profitable without triggering of competitive reactions.There were 3 options available:OPTION 1- ‘Clone the Industry Prices’ The message would go to customers that they were priced competitively with few advantages like differentiated applications [MTV] and superior customer service. Better off-peak hours and fewer hidden fees would be the selling point but the total pricing structure would still depend on off-peak and peak categorization as well as contacted minutes. Easy to promote as this strategy of â€Å"buckets† was already prevalent in industry. But risks alienating the target base as they already did not make the required cut for the credit worthiness. OPTION 2- ‘Price below the Competition’ Similar pricing structure as rest of industry, with actual prices slightly below those of competition only within the highest frequency range. Better off-peak hours and fewer hidden fees could also be given.OPTION 3- ‘A Whole New Plan’ Entirely different pricing structure. Eliminate contracts and going for prepaid pricing structure. However the nature of the American cellular market with operator dedicated handsets ad prohibitive pricing followed by the competitors due to high churn rates Cost of Acquisition Subsidization of Advertisement Sales handsets . Break even analysis and Life  time Value for cellular subscribers:- As already, stated in the current scenario, most mobile companies amass working capital by going for long term contracts. Compared to a US$ 100 acquisition cost for a prepaid connection, the equivalent historical cost of acquisition for a post paid consumer is US $ 370. Assuming that we stay with the post paid plan due to industry imperatives, we find that the average calling rate is around 10-30 cents per minute for a average bucket usage of 100-300 minutes (this is the target usage range that Virgin is aiming to target in the second option) Hence, average cost incurred by the company for a customer = US$ (0.1 x 300) =US$ 60 (The most promising aspect in the relevant range) Acquisition cost = handset subsidy given to hand set manufacturers (US$ 60 -100) + advertisement costs ( US$60 million budget spread over an estimated 1 million subscribers = US$60)+ sales overheads (US$100-150) = US$ 290-370 per user per month. Now, Breakeven point in terms of month is calculated as:- Total fixed cost = US$ 370 (acquisition cost for a post paid customer) = 28.46 months Revenue – Variable cost US$ 57 (avg. revenue per month from a user- ARPU) – US$30Hence it takes around 29 months for the customer to prove profitable for the company even in the most promisingscenario of the relevant range.But we will also have to induct the churn rate of around 2% per month into this optimistic consideration and try tocalculate the LTV. If the LTV is positive then the company should go ahead. The option that yields the largest LTV shouldbe chosen.LTV = ∑ (Ma).r(a-1) – Acquisition cost (1+i)a View slide Here, the margin remains relatively fixed across the periods which can be assumed as a modest 12%, r is the retentionrate which comes to around 72% (churn rate of 2% p.m. compounded monthly over a year = 1.02Ãâ€"1.02x†¦..till 12months ), i becoming interest rate assumed to be around 5%Margin in a month = (Average monthly phone bill ∞,=US$52)-(Cash cost per user =US$30) = US$22Now taking this value of n we have :- LTV = M/(1-r+i)Now calculating the LTV for every option available will give us a marker of how the pricing strategy should be used forusing various options considering the fact that the interest rate remains constant at 5%:-For option 1:-LTV = US$ {(22*12)/(1-0.72+0.05) } – 360= US$ 421For option 2:- Here the retention rate can be assumed to have been bettered by differential pricing in the 100-300minutes usage category , so we can assume a modest increase to 80%. But this is more or less offset by the increase incash cost to user which  can be assumes to rise by 5% if the differential pricing is 5% below the average industrystandard. So the margin can be assumed to drop to US$19. Here, LTV = US$ {(19*12)/(1-0.8+0.05) } – 360= US$ 489Hence we can see that even with modest assumptions, the LTV is maximized for Option 2, henca the company shouldventure into differential pricing if at all it wants to deviate. But considering the high acquisition turnover time andrecovery time of almost 29 months, it is a risky strategy because of very high mobility in the targeted segment.Hence Virgin should focus on non price factors such as :- If the contracts are done away with, this will ensure more loyalty of the target segment as the majority of them are not credit worthy. The positioning of Virgin Mobile USA and its collaborations with partners like MTV will attract more customers which are loyal. The cost of acquisition of a customer comprises of advertisement, sales cost and subsidy given. Since these costs are much lower than the other competitors, they can price themselves lower than competitors. They can also be transparent in their cost structure, eliminating hidden costs .Hence, initially it should give non-price advantage to its customers and over a period of time can reduce costs to sustaingrowth and drive off competition virgin mobile Presentation Transcript We Answer To A Higher Calling Prepared By – Team 4 Pooja Gupta (P122033) Rohit Singh (P122038) Saurabh Singh (P122041) Varun Anand (P122049 Virgin Groupâ€Å"Virgin believes in making a difference. We stand for value for money, quality, innovation, fun and a sense of competitive challenge. We strive to achieve this by empowering our employees to continually deliver an unbeatable customer experience.† Virgin Mobile USA†¢ Commenced operations in June, 2002†¢ Led by founding CEO Dan Schulman†¢ Entered USA as a 50-50 joint venture between Virgin Group and Sprint Corporation. Virgin Mobile USA’s service would be hosted on Sprint’s PCS network†¢ Sprint was in process of updating its network and increasing its capacity. View slide Virgin Mobile USA†¢ Schulamn- â€Å"The nice thing about this model is that we don’t have to worry about huge fixed costs or the physical infrastructure. We can focus on what we do best-understanding and meeting customer needs.†Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ â€Å"We Answer To A Higher Calling†Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Providing extra-ordinary services and experiences at a low price as $35 View slide Objective†¢ Create value and profitability in cell  phone service industry†¢ Target market ages 15-29, opportunity for growth with this market segment†¢ 1 million subscribers by year 1, 3 million by year 4†¢ â€Å"By focusing on the youth market from the ground up, we’re putting ourselves in a position to serve these customers in a way they have never been served before† -Dan Schulman, CEO, Virgin Mobile USA 4P’s of Virgin Mobile USAWhy? Problem with Current Telecom Services†¢ Low penetration among consumers aged 15-29. Growth rate for this segment was projected to be robust for the next 5 years†¢ Target group had been undeserved by existing carriers and specific needs that haven’t been met†¢ Average monthly cell phone bill – $52 representing 417 minutes of use. Hence, cost to serve a customer – $30†¢ Carriers tended to be wary of acquiring low- value subscribers Target Group and Behavior†¢ Consumers aged 15-29†¢ Calling pattern is different from typical business person†¢ Open to new things: – Text messaging – Downloading information using cell phones – More likely to use: ringtones, faceplates and graphics †¢ It’s a fashion accessory and a personal style statement Mobile Penetration by Age Group Revenue from Mobile Entertainment Services Pricing Trend in US before Virgin†¢ Over 90% of all subscribers had contractual agreements for a period of 1-2 years with their cellular providers†¢ Customers would sign up for ‘buckets of minutes’†¢ If a user used more than allocated minutes, they would be charged with extremely high rates (eg: 40 cents / minute)†¢ If a user used less than allocated minutes, they were still charged the fixed monthly fee, which drove up their price per minute Calling Plans – Industry PricesPrice per minute Contract Commitment – Minutes Calling Plans – Industry PricesPrice per Minute Contract Commitment – Minutes Pricing Trend in US before Virgin†¢ Carriers charged less for off-peak than on-peak minutes†¢ Off-peak time changed from 6:00 PM to 7:00, 8:00 and then finally 9:00 PM†¢ Some carriers charged a monthly fee (appox. $7) to move the peak time back to one hour†¢ Carriers added additional fees to monthly bill (tax or other additional cost information was not communicated. So a $29 plan ended up being a $35 plan) What Virgin focused on?†¢ Customers couldn’t predict their usage and ended up choosing  wrong plan pattern†¢ Customers think they use more minutes than they actually use†¢ Target segment actually used 100-300 mins/month but target predicted their usage is higher than that†¢ People tried picking up lower bucket plans to avoid high monthly fees but they ended up paying a lot more than that due to usage of minutes above the bucket†¢ On-peak and off-peak minutes weren’t in right mix 4P’s of Virgin Mobile USAWhat? What to provide them? VirginXtras†¢ Delivery of content, features and entertainment†¢ Signed a exclusive and multiyear, content & marketing agreement with MTV networks to deliver music, games and other MTV, VH1 and Nickelodeon based content to Virgin Mobile Subscribers†¢ Deal with MTV also ensured airtime on MTV’s channel and web site VirginXtras†¢ MTV-branded accessories and phones and contents (ringtones, text alerts and voice mails†¢ To vote for their favorite videos on MTV’s shows like â€Å"Total request Live†Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Text messaging – No. of text msgs tends to skyrocket during school hours. Reason: Parents don’t see who they call, private form of communication VirginXtras†¢ Online Real-Time Billing – No call detail on monthly bills. Website will record individual calls on a real-time basis†¢ Rescue ring – Mobile subscriber will get a call at prearranged time to â€Å"escape† in case a date was not going well .†¢ Wake-up Call – Chance to wake up to original messages from a variety of cheeky celebrity VirginXtras†¢ Ring Tones – Customized ringtones would be available for subscribers to download†¢ Fun clips – News, tidbits, jokes, gossip, sports and more†¢ Hit List – Vote top 10 list of hit songs. Would be able to hear the %age of other subscribers who either â€Å"loved it† or â€Å"hated it† VirginXtras†¢ Music Messenger – Tap into 10 songs list & forward it to a friend allowing them to check out a hot new track†¢ Movies – Movie descriptions, show timings, and buy tickets in advance Handset: First 2 basic models named â€Å"Party Animal† and â€Å"Super Model† came with interchangeable faceplates decorated with eye-catching colors and patterns 4P’s of Virgin Mobile USAHow? Virgin’s Goal†¢ To make sure their prices are competitive†¢ To make sure they could make profit†¢ Don’t want to trigger off competitive reactions Options†¢ Clone the Industry Prices†¢ Price Below Competition†¢ Whole New Plan Clone the Industry Prices†¢ Use same prices as other competitors†¢ Communicate  -â€Å"priced competitively with everyone else but with a few key advantages like differentiated applications (MTV) and superior customer service† – MTV Applications and features – Superior Customer service†¢ Offering better off-peak hours and fewer hidden fees†¢ Put on packaging so that even without a salesperson, consumers would get the message Price per minute Contract Commitment – Minutes Clone the Industry Prices Price Below the Competition†¢ Maintain buckets and volume discounts†¢ Set price per minute below the industry average for certain key buckets – Target young market 100-300 mins Price per minute Contract Commitment – Minutes Price Below the Competition A Whole New Plan†¢ Shorten or Eliminate Contracts – Contracts guarantee annuity stream – Contract allows 18 years or below to purchase the product – Churn rate was 2%, new plan could increase churn rate to 6%†¢ Prepaid service – 92% US subscribers had Post-paid – Pre-paid was used on occasional basis as rates per minute was high and no credit check was required – Has high churn rates. Company would never be able to recoup its customer acquisition costs – New mechanism or infrastructure was required for prepaid services A Whole New Plan†¢ Handset subsidies – Mobile carriers subsidized the cost of handset to end users to acquire customer cost†¢ Eliminate Hidden Fees and off-peak hours – ‘what you see is what you get’ – Rolling out hidden costs into pricing such that pricing feels competitive – off-peak should benefit the target group. Minute usage is very different from busines s class Price Below the Competition What they did?†¢ LTV Model – Life Time Value†¢ In marketing, customer lifetime value (CLV), lifetime customer value (LCV), or user lifetime value (LTV) is a prediction of the net profit attributed to the entire future relationship with a customer†¢ Simplified Model†¢ LTV = (M/(1-r+i)) – AC Factors influencing LTV†¢ ARPU: Avg Revenue Per User†¢ CCPU: Cash Cost per User = 45% of ARPU†¢ M: Monthly Margin = ARPU – CCPU†¢ r: Retention rate ( 1 – (12*6%)) = 0.28†¢ AC: Acquisition Cost ( = $120 for Virgin) – Sale commission – Advertising per gross add – Subsidy cost LTV Calculation†¢ LTV = (M/(1-r+i))  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ AC†¢ => M = ARPU – CCPU = (1 – 45)% = 55%M on yearly basis, assuming that a customer talks for 200mins. M = (1-0.45) * 200 * 12 * p p -> can be 5 – 30 cents/min (As competitors are charging more than 30 cents/min LTV @ Different Price Points†¢ LTV(at 5 c ents)= (1-.45) (200*12*.05) /(1-.28 + .05) – 120 = -34.28†¢ LTV(at 7 cents)= (1-.45) (200*12*.07) /(1-.28 + .05) – Break-even120 = 0 point†¢ LTV(at 10 cents)= (1-.45) (200*12*.1) /(1-.28 + .05) – 120 = 51.42†¢ LTV(at 15 cents)= (1-.45) (200*12*.15) /(1-.28 + .05) – 120 = 137.14†¢ At 7 cents, the LTV =0 which tells that minimum of 7 cents should be charged by the virgin†¢ Virgin can charge any amount more than 7 cents LTV @ Different Price Points Price Point LTV5 cents / minute -34.287 cents / minute 010 cents / minute 51.4215 cents / minute 137.14 Break-even point Current Plans in Market Company Plan ValueAT&T Starting at $40/monthVirgin Mobile USA $35T-Mobile $34.99 (Only talk + text) other plans starting at $59.99 Providing a plan with music and other added features Virgin’s Service Offering†¢ Extra features: Music, Wallpapers, Videos, Live Video Request, Rescue ring, wake-up call facility†¢ New improved billing pattern and online real-time monthly bills†¢ Prepaid plan†¢ No contracts†¢ No hidden charges†¢ No peak off peak hours†¢ Very low handset subsidies†¢ No credit checks†¢ No Monthly bills†¢ Price: 25 cents per minute for the first 10 minutes; 10 cents/minute for the rest of the day†¢ No exact numbers, but churn rate lower than 6% Conclusion†¢ Virgin correctly identified service gaps in telecom industry and what customers needed.†¢ Virgin identify inflexibility in calling plans and in other plans.†¢ Provided extra services than current mobile carriers.†¢ Provided a medium of entertainment on go.†¢ Offered customized services at a relatively low cost. References†¢ HBR case study â€Å"Virgin Mobile USA: Pricing for the Very First Time†Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Wikipedia.com